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鮮食大豆收獲機(jī)彈齒滾筒式采摘裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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財(cái)政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國(guó)家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)專項(xiàng)(CARS-04)和中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院創(chuàng)新工程項(xiàng)目


Design Optimization and Experiment of Spring-tooth Drum Type Picking Device for Vegetable Soybean Harvester
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)鮮食大豆采收勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大,,人工采摘效率低,缺少相應(yīng)收獲機(jī)械裝備等問題,,結(jié)合鮮食大豆種植模式和采摘期植株物理特性,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種彈齒滾筒式鮮食大豆采摘裝置。闡述了彈齒滾筒采摘裝置的工作原理,,對(duì)采摘過程中的豆莢進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析,,并對(duì)裝置關(guān)鍵部件進(jìn)行了參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)和結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化,確定了影響作業(yè)效果的因素,。通過單因素預(yù)試驗(yàn)確定了關(guān)鍵參數(shù)的范圍,,以前進(jìn)速度、滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速,、割臺(tái)高度為試驗(yàn)因素,,以掉落率、掛枝率,、破損率為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行三因素五水平二次正交旋轉(zhuǎn)中心組合試驗(yàn),,建立了試驗(yàn)因素與試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)間的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并分析了各因素對(duì)試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)的影響,。對(duì)模型進(jìn)行粒子群算法優(yōu)化,,預(yù)測(cè)最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合為:前進(jìn)速度0.43m/s,、滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速245r/min,、割臺(tái)高度4cm,,對(duì)應(yīng)的掉落率、掛枝率和破損率的預(yù)測(cè)值分別為10.6%,、4.4%,、5.6%。對(duì)最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合進(jìn)行田間驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn),,結(jié)果為掉落率11.8%,,掛枝率4.0%,破損率6.1%,,試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與理論預(yù)測(cè)值的相對(duì)誤差均不高于10.1%,。方差分析表明各評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)的實(shí)際值和預(yù)測(cè)值之間不具有顯著性差異。研究結(jié)果可為鮮食大豆采摘裝置設(shè)計(jì)提供參考,。

    Abstract:

    To solve the problems of high labor intensity, low efficiency of manual picking, and lack of corresponding harvesting machinery and equipment for vegetable soybean harvesting, a spring-tooth drum type vegetable soybean picking device was designed in combination with the physical characteristics of vegetable soybean plants and the planting mode. The working principle of the spring-tooth drum picking device was expounded, the parameter design and structure optimization of the key components of the device were carried out, the kinematic of the pod was analyzed, and the factors affecting the operation effect were determined. The range of key parameters was determined and narrowed by a single factor test. Taking forward speed, drum rotation speed, and header height as test factors, and using drop rate, hanging rate, and breakage rate as experimental indicators, a three-factor and five-level second orthogonal rotation center combination test was carried out. The mathematical model between the experimental factors and the experimental indicators was established and the influence of each factor on the experimental indicators was analyzed. The model was optimized by particle swarm optimization, and the predicted optimal parameter combination was as follows: forward speed was 0.43m/s, drum rotation speed was 245r/min, header height was 4cm, and the corresponding predicted values of drop rate, hanging rate, and breakage rate were 10.6%, 4.4%, and 5.6%, respectively. The field verification test was carried out on the optimal parameter combination, and the results showed that the drop rate of the field test was 11.8%, the hanging rate was 4.0%, and the damage rate was 6.1%. The relative errors were no more than 10.1%. The variance analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the actual value and the prediction of the evaluation index. The research results can provide a reference for the further structural design and parameter optimization of the springtooth drum vegetable soybean picking device.

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劉志遠(yuǎn),金誠(chéng)謙,袁文勝,馮玉崗,袁建明.鮮食大豆收獲機(jī)彈齒滾筒式采摘裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(12):171-180. LIU Zhiyuan, JIN Chengqian, YUAN Wensheng, FENG Yugang, YUAN Jianming. Design Optimization and Experiment of Spring-tooth Drum Type Picking Device for Vegetable Soybean Harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(12):171-180.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-03-06
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-09-20
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