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基于預(yù)處理苗帶甘薯裸苗自動(dòng)移栽機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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山東省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2022CXGC010608)和北京市農(nóng)林科學(xué)院科技創(chuàng)新能力建設(shè)項(xiàng)目(KJCX20200415)


Design and Experiment of Automatic Transplanter for Sweet Potato Naked Seedlings Based on Pretreatment Seedling Belt
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    摘要:

    甘薯種植多以裸苗移栽為主,對(duì)機(jī)械化移栽要求較高,。針對(duì)國內(nèi)甘薯移栽設(shè)備自動(dòng)化程度低,,作業(yè)時(shí)需要人工喂苗導(dǎo)致勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大、機(jī)械化栽插質(zhì)量不高的問題,,結(jié)合甘薯裸苗栽植農(nóng)藝要求,,基于預(yù)處理苗帶喂苗裝置和撓性圓盤栽植裝置設(shè)計(jì)了一種甘薯裸苗自動(dòng)移栽機(jī),結(jié)合甘薯裸苗移栽機(jī)喂苗裝置,、撓性圓盤栽植裝置和澆水裝置自動(dòng)作業(yè)控制需要,,設(shè)計(jì)了基于CAN總線的甘薯裸苗自動(dòng)移栽機(jī)控制系統(tǒng),能夠一次性完成旋耕,、起壟,、開溝、自動(dòng)有序喂苗,、定株距栽插,、鎮(zhèn)壓覆土、自動(dòng)澆水,、修壟等作業(yè),。田間試驗(yàn)表明,機(jī)具在目標(biāo)株距25cm以及作業(yè)速度0.25,、0.35,、0.45m/s的情況下,栽植株距變異系數(shù)和栽植深度合格率均達(dá)到了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求,,栽植株距變異系數(shù)和栽植姿態(tài)合格率受作業(yè)速度影響較大,,栽植深度受作業(yè)速度變化影響較小,在作業(yè)速度為0.25m/s時(shí),,栽植株距變異系數(shù)平均值為10.16%,,栽植深度合格率平均值為95.56%,作業(yè)性能優(yōu)于0.35m/s和0.45m/s,,栽植姿態(tài)合格率平均值為90%,。本研究為甘薯裸苗機(jī)械化、自動(dòng)化移栽機(jī)械的理論研究和設(shè)計(jì)提供了新的參考,。

    Abstract:

    Naked seedling transplanting is the main planting method of sweet potato in China, which requires high mechanized transplanting. At present, the domestic sweet potato transplanting machinery is relatively lacking, the existing equipment has a low degree of automation, and most of them adopt manual seedling feeding, which leads to high labor intensity in the field and low quality of mechanized planting. Combined with the agronomic requirements of planting naked sweet potato seedling, an automatic transplanter for naked sweet potato seedlings was designed based on the pretreatment seedling belt feeding device and the flexible disc planting device, According to the requirement of automatic operation control of feeding device, flexible disc planting device and watering device of sweet potato bare seedling transplanter, a control system of sweet potato bare seedling automatic transplanter based on CAN bus was designed, which can complete rotary tillage, ridging, ditching, automatic and orderly seedling feeding, planting at fixed plant distance, pressing soil covering, automatic watering, ridge repairing and other operations at one time. Field experiments showed that when the distance of target plant spacing was 25cm and the working speed was 0.25m/s, 0.35m/s and 0.45m/s, the coefficient of variation of planting plant spacing and the qualified rate of planting depth all met the standard requirements, the variation coefficient of plant spacing and the qualified rate of planting posture were affected by the working speed greatly, but the planting depth was less affected by the working speed. When the working speed was 0.25m/s, the working performance index was better than 0.35m/s and 0.45m/s. The average variation coefficient of plant spacing was 10.16%, the average qualified rate of planting depth was 95.56%, and the average qualified rate of planting posture was 90%. The research result can provide a reference for the theoretical research and innovative design of mechanized and automatic transplanting machinery for naked sweet potato seedlings.

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武廣偉,安曉飛,顏丙新,李立偉,何宇凡,孟志軍.基于預(yù)處理苗帶甘薯裸苗自動(dòng)移栽機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(s1):99-109. WU Guangwei, AN Xiaofei, YAN Bingxin, LI Liwei, HE Yufan, MENG Zhijun. Design and Experiment of Automatic Transplanter for Sweet Potato Naked Seedlings Based on Pretreatment Seedling Belt[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(s1):99-109.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-30
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-11-10
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