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流固耦合作用下斜流泵轉子動力學特性研究
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2021YFC3090404)和中國博士后科學基金項目(2021M701535)


Rotor Dynamic Characteristics of Oblique Flow Pump under Action of Fluid-structure Interaction
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    摘要:

    為了研究斜流泵轉子系統(tǒng)的動力學特性,,以某型號的斜流泵作為研究對象,,采用計算流體力學軟件CFX 2021R1和有限元分析軟件ANSYS Workbench 2021R1平臺,,對斜流泵轉子系統(tǒng)的干濕模態(tài)固有頻率和振型,、臨界轉速以及基于流固耦合的瞬態(tài)動力學進行了求解,,研究了葉輪葉片不同位置的變形與應力分布,,對比分析了不同流量工況對葉輪葉片變形與應力分布的影響,。結果表明:濕模態(tài)下轉子固有頻率會下降,,同時隨著階數(shù)的增加,,固有頻率下降程度逐漸明顯,,第3階模態(tài)時下降程度最小,下降率Δf為9.82%,,第6階模態(tài)時下降程度最大,,下降率Δf為44.31%。計算所得第2階模態(tài)的臨界轉速為7.369r/min,,遠大于轉子工作轉速,,說明轉子系統(tǒng)在工作轉速下運行時不會發(fā)生共振,符合轉子動力學的設計要求,,能夠穩(wěn)定運轉,。葉輪葉片背面與工作面總變形量的變化趨勢和變形量基本一致,葉片工作面出口葉頂位置變形量最大,,幅值達到2.6755mm,,各個位置處工作面變形量都大于背面,最大變形量差值為0.0358mm,葉頂處變形量都大于葉根處,,最大差值為1.0177mm,;葉片工作面進口葉頂處與背面處應力變化趨勢和應力幅值大致相似,葉片工作面進口葉頂處與出口葉根處應力幅值都大于相應背面處,,而在葉片背面出口葉根處應力幅值大于工作面處,。葉片出口處測點應力幅值明顯大于進口處測點,葉片背面出口葉根處等效應力最大,,最大幅值約6MPa,。不同流量工況下葉片變形量的變化趨勢相似,隨著流量增大,,葉輪葉片各位置處變形量逐漸減小,。0.6Q時葉片變形量隨時間變化波動最大,最大變形量為3.0672mm,,出現(xiàn)在葉片出口葉頂位置,;在葉片葉頂處,,隨流量增大,,應力波動逐漸減小,葉片葉根處,Q時應力幅值波動最大,,進口與出口應力波動最小處分別出現(xiàn)在0.6Q與0.8Q流量工況,,各位置最大等效應力為12.456MPa,葉根處每一個應力波動結束后,,0.6Q與0.8Q應力曲線會額外多一次小波動,,因此應避免泵在小流量工況下運行,并且應加強葉輪葉根處葉片厚度,。研究結果可以為斜流泵轉子系統(tǒng)運行穩(wěn)定性分析以及葉輪葉片的結構優(yōu)化設計提供參考,。

    Abstract:

    Taking a certain type of oblique flow pump as the research object, the computational fluid dynamics software CFX 2021R1 and the finite element analysis software ANSYS Workbench 2021R1 platform were used to solve the natural frequency and mode shape of the dry and wet mode of the oblique flow pump rotor system. The critical speed and the transient dynamics based on fluid-structure coupling, the deformation and stress distribution of the impeller blades at different positions were studied, and the influence of different flow conditions on the deformation and stress distribution of the impeller blades was compared and analyzed. The results showed that with an increase in the order, the natural frequency was gradually decreased. The 3rd order mode had the least decline rate at 9.82% while the 6th order mode had the highest decline rate at 44.31%. This confirmed the findings that the natural frequency of the rotor would decrease in the wet mode. The critical speed of the calculated second-order mode was 7369r/min, which was much greater than the rotor working speed. This indicated that the design requirements of the rotor dynamics met as the rotor system would not resonate when operating at working speed hence resulting in a stable operation. The deformation trends between the rear side of the blade and the working side of the impeller blade were quite similar. On the working surface, the deformation at the upper span of the blade towards the outlet was the largest. When the amplitude reached 2.6755mm, the deformation at each given position on the impeller blade working surface was higher than the rear surface with a maximum deformation of 0.0358mm. The deformation at the upper span of the blade was higher than at the root of the blade with the maximum difference being 1.0177mm. The highest amplitude reached 2.6755mm. Considering the stress change and stress amplitude trend, it was revealed that at the upper span of the blade near the inlet part were roughly similar on both sides. The stress amplitude graphs showed that towards the outlet portion of the blade, the upper span and root on the working surface had higher amplitudes than on the corresponding rear surface. The amplitude of the monitoring point at the outlet of the blade was significantly greater than that of the monitoring point at the inlet. On the rear surface, the equivalence force at the root of the blade towards blade was the largest, and the largest value reached about 6MPa. The change trend of blade deformation under different flow conditions was similar, and as the flow rate increased, the amount of deformation at each position of the impeller blade gradually decreased. At 0.6Q, the amount of blade deformation fluctuated the most with time. The maximum deformation was 3.0672mm, which appearred at the upper span of the impeller blade towards the outlet. At the upper span of the blade, as the flow rate increased, the stress fluctuation gradually decreased, at the blade root, the stress amplitude fluctuated the most at Q. The smallest fluctuations in inlet and outlet stress occurred under 0.6Q and 0.8Q flow conditions, respectively, and the maximum equivalent force was 12.456MPa. At the blade root, after each stress fluctuation, the 0.6Q and 0.8Q stress curve would have an additional small fluctuation, therefore operating the pump under small flow conditions must be avoided and also the blade thickness at the impeller root should be strengthened. The research results can provide a reference for the operation stability analysis of the oblique flow pump rotor system and the structural optimization design of the impeller blades.

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許正萱,張帆,陳軻,祝路峰,張金鳳,宋夢斌.流固耦合作用下斜流泵轉子動力學特性研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2022,53(s2):179-187. XU Zhengxuan, ZHANG Fan, CHEN Ke, ZHU Lufeng, ZHANG Jinfeng, SONG Mengbin. Rotor Dynamic Characteristics of Oblique Flow Pump under Action of Fluid-structure Interaction[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(s2):179-187.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-08
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-08-08
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