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履帶自走式分揀型馬鈴薯收獲機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(52105266),、山東省科技型中小企業(yè)創(chuàng)新能力提升工程項(xiàng)目(2021TSGC1332),、中國(guó)博士后科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目(2021M701801)和南京市博士后科研資助計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目


Design and Experiment of Crawler Self-propelled Sorting Type Potato Harvester
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    摘要:

    丘陵山區(qū)和小地塊是國(guó)內(nèi)馬鈴薯的主要種植區(qū)域,,針對(duì)這類地形的馬鈴薯機(jī)械化收獲技術(shù)與裝備匱乏的瓶頸問題,,并結(jié)合馬鈴薯種植農(nóng)藝和收獲需求,采用自動(dòng)對(duì)行挖掘-薯土分離-人工輔助撿拾相結(jié)合的馬鈴薯機(jī)械化單行收獲方案,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種履帶自走式分揀型馬鈴薯收獲機(jī),。該機(jī)主要由履帶式底盤、自動(dòng)對(duì)行挖掘裝置,、分離裝置及分揀裝置等關(guān)鍵部件組成,,具有附著力大、高頻低幅振動(dòng)碎土,、自動(dòng)對(duì)行挖掘,、人工輔助分揀和液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)模式等技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)。在闡述總體結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理的基礎(chǔ)上,,結(jié)合馬鈴薯運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)模型和碰撞特性分析,確定了分離篩傾角為30°,,分離篩末端與分揀篩始端之間的跌落高度為120mm等關(guān)鍵部件的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和運(yùn)行參數(shù),。由于采用人工輔助分揀的集薯方式,減少了薯塊跌落與翻滾次數(shù),,縮短了馬鈴薯的分離行程,。田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:樣機(jī)作業(yè)速度為1.0、1.2km/h,,分離篩運(yùn)行速度分別為0.61,、0.72m/s,分揀篩運(yùn)行速度分別為0.42,、0.50m/s時(shí),,生產(chǎn)率分別為0.10、0.12hm2/h,;利用電子馬鈴薯采集的碰撞加速度平均值分別為51.02g、51.85g,,碰撞加速度峰值均小于馬鈴薯臨界損傷閾值,,沒有出現(xiàn)薯塊漏撿和薯塊表皮破損情況,,收獲效果良好,各項(xiàng)性能指標(biāo)均滿足相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求,,研究可為馬鈴薯收獲機(jī)分離分揀裝袋工藝和馬鈴薯收獲機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化改進(jìn)提供參考,。

    Abstract:

    Hilly and mountainous areas were the main potato planting areas in China. In view of the low efficiency of mechanized harvesting and separation and picking up of potatoes in small plots, a crawler type self-propelled sorting potato harvester was designed in combination with the requirements of potato planting agronomy and harvesting. The overall structure and key components of the prototype were designed, which were mainly composed of crawler drive chassis, excavation device, automatic alignment device, separation device and sorting device. The prototype had technical advantages such as crawler driven walking, high-frequency low amplitude vibration clod crushing, automatic row excavation, manual auxiliary sorting and hydraulic drive mode. On the basis of describing the overall structure and working principle, combined with the potato kinematics model and collision characteristics analysis, the structural parameters and operating parameters of the key components were determined to achieve the goal of high efficiency and low loss harvest. The separating screen was inclined at 30°, the distance between two adjacent gear rods was 210mm, the height of the stop bar was 25mm, the maximum rotating speed of separator driving wheel was 120r/min, the maximum line speed of the sorting screen was 0.65m/s, the drop height between the end of the separating screen and the beginning of the sorting screen was 120mm. As the method of manually assisted potato sorting and gathering was adopted, the number of drops and rolls of potato blocks was reduced, the separation stroke of potatoes was shortened, and the collision frequency and damage of potatoes in unit time were reduced, which was helpful to realize the loss reduction harvest. The prototype was tested in the field. The results of the field test showed that when the operating speeds of the prototype were 1.0km/h and 1.2km/h, the running linear speeds of the separating screen were 0.61m/s and 0.72m/s, the running linear speeds of the sorting screen were 0.42m/s and 0.50m/s, and the productivity was 0.10hm2/h and 0.12hm2/h, respectively. The average value of the three peak impact acceleration of electronic potato was 51.02g and 51.85g, the peak impact acceleration of potato was less than the critical damage threshold. There was no missing inspection and skin damage of potatoes, and the effect of the harvest was good. All performance indexes met the requirements of relevant standards.

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魏忠彩,王興歡,李學(xué)強(qiáng),王法明,李志合,金誠(chéng)謙.履帶自走式分揀型馬鈴薯收獲機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(2):95-106. WEI Zhongcai, WANG Xinghuan, LI Xueqiang, WANG Faming, LI Zhihe, JIN Chengqian. Design and Experiment of Crawler Self-propelled Sorting Type Potato Harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(2):95-106.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-14
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-12-21
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