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農(nóng)田耕后地表微地貌自走遙控測(cè)量裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2021YFD1901204),、國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(32001427)、財(cái)政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國(guó)家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)(油菜)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(CARS-12)和中國(guó)博士后科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(2021M701341)


Design and Experiment of Farmland Surface Micro-landform Measuring Device after Rapeseed Planter Seeding
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)油菜精量聯(lián)合直播機(jī)作業(yè)后,,田間作業(yè)廂面微地貌形狀特征參數(shù)測(cè)量困難,、傳統(tǒng)測(cè)量方法存在測(cè)量效率和誤差難以兼顧、現(xiàn)有測(cè)量裝置操作便捷性不夠的問(wèn)題,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種自走遙控地表微地貌測(cè)量裝置,。該裝置主要由行走部件和微地貌測(cè)量系統(tǒng)組成,,裝置可以通過(guò)遙控操作到達(dá)指定測(cè)量區(qū)域并通過(guò)手機(jī)APP控制激光雷達(dá)掃描作業(yè)高度和掃描作業(yè)速度及實(shí)時(shí)顯示測(cè)量裝置測(cè)量狀態(tài)信息,,實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)田耕后地表微地貌特征高效測(cè)量。對(duì)裝置行走部件懸掛避振機(jī)構(gòu)和驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)行走驅(qū)動(dòng)力進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)和分析,,確定了彈簧避振器中圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧參數(shù)和驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)參數(shù),;對(duì)微地貌測(cè)量系統(tǒng)控制單元硬件和軟件進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì),確定了控制單元硬件電路和軟件工作流程,;對(duì)裝置傾斜誤差和系統(tǒng)誤差進(jìn)行了分析,,消除了裝置傾斜誤差和系統(tǒng)誤差。開(kāi)展了裝置田間測(cè)量試驗(yàn),,對(duì)地表廂面微地貌特征及畦溝溝型進(jìn)行了測(cè)量,,結(jié)果表明:相較于傳統(tǒng)針板法測(cè)量方式,所開(kāi)發(fā)的微地貌測(cè)量裝置測(cè)量油菜直播機(jī)作業(yè)后的地表微地貌特征,,獲得的廂面平整度特征參數(shù)高度均方根,、表面相關(guān)長(zhǎng)度、畦溝平均溝寬,、溝寬穩(wěn)定性系數(shù),、平均溝深和溝深穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)誤差分別為4.01%、4.81%,、3.70%,、1.34%,、2.09%和2.89%。研究為油菜精量聯(lián)合直播機(jī)等機(jī)具農(nóng)田作業(yè)后廂面地表微地貌特征測(cè)量提供參考,。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems that the characteristic parameters' measurement of the micro-landform shape of the working surface is difficult, the measuring efficiency and error by the traditional measurement method are difficult to balance, and the operation convenience of the existing measurement device is not enough after the operation of the rapeseed combined direct seeder, and a self-propelled remote control farmland surface micro-geomorphology measuring device was designed. The device was mainly composed of a moving unit and a micro-geomorphology measurement system. The device can reach the designated measurement area by remote control operation, control the laser radar to scan height and speed by the mobile phone APP, and display the measurement status information in real time to realize the efficient measurement of the shape characteristics of the farmland surface micro-geomorphology. The driving force of the suspension vibration avoidance mechanism and the driving mechanism of the moving unit of the device was designed and analyzed, and the parameters of the cylindrical spiral compression spring and the driving motor of the moving unit were determined. The hardware and software of the control unit of the micro-landform measurement system were designed, and the hardware circuit and software workflow of the control unit were determined. The tilt error and system error of the device were analyzed, and the correction method of eliminating tilt error and system error was determined. The field measurement test of the device was carried out to measure the micro-geomorphologic characteristics of the surface and the furrow type. The results showed that the developed farmland surface micro-geomorphologic measuring device measured the surface micro-geomorphologic shape characteristics after the operation of the rapeseed combined direct seeder and the rape micro-ridge direct seeding machine. The root mean square height, surface correlation length, average furrow width, furrow width stability coefficient, average furrow depth and furrow depth stability coefficient were 4.01%, 4.81%, 3.70%, 1.34%, 2.09% and 2.89%, respectively.

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張青松,齊濤,廖慶喜,王澤天,陳杰,朱龍圖.農(nóng)田耕后地表微地貌自走遙控測(cè)量裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(4):73-82,119. ZHANG Qingsong, QI Tao, LIAO Qingxi, WANG Zetian, CHEN Jie, ZHU Longtu. Design and Experiment of Farmland Surface Micro-landform Measuring Device after Rapeseed Planter Seeding[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(4):73-82,119.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-09
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-01-16
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