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干法厭氧發(fā)酵裝備同步升溫發(fā)酵及微生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡研究
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財政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術體系項目(CARS-02)和中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學院科技創(chuàng)新工程項目(ASTIP)


Synchronous Heating Fermentation and Micro-ecological Network of Dry Anaerobic Fermentation Equipment
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    摘要:

    干法厭氧發(fā)酵是提高農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廢棄物處理效率及資源高效循環(huán)的重要技術之一。先前圍繞該技術產(chǎn)甲烷效率低,、傳質(zhì)傳熱不均勻等問題,,提出了微好氧同步預升溫干發(fā)酵技術,設計了配套裝備,,開展了小試和中試試驗,產(chǎn)甲烷效率得到改善,。為進一步提高放大裝備的實際應用質(zhì)量,,在對發(fā)酵裝置密封、進出料,、噴淋循環(huán)系統(tǒng)等關鍵部件優(yōu)化的基礎上,,探明了最優(yōu)曝氣量及實際應用中微好氧預升溫階段物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化特性,揭示了微生物生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡關系,,評價了實際運行效果,。結(jié)果表明:對關鍵部件的優(yōu)化顯著提升裝備運行穩(wěn)定性,微好氧同步預升溫階段最優(yōu)曝氣量為10L/min,,容積產(chǎn)氣率達到1.20m3/(m3·d),。物料在第40小時升溫至42℃,,曝氣組各層物料溫度較未曝氣組均提高45.54%、32.46%和52.06%,。同步預升溫促進了物料各層纖維素和半纖維素的降解,,提高了酸化效率,有機酸質(zhì)量濃度分別提高59.83%,、50.69%和20.85%,,物料產(chǎn)氣潛力提高34.9%。探明了微生物網(wǎng)絡關系以及與發(fā)酵環(huán)境因子變化的相關性,,發(fā)現(xiàn)微好氧預升溫階段具有協(xié)同作用的功能微生物SBR1031,、Synergistales和Gaiellales,豐度提高57.67%,、15.88%和68.59%,。

    Abstract:

    Dry anaerobic fermentation is one of the important technologies to improve the efficiency of agricultural and rural waste treatment and resource recycling. Previously, due to the problems of low methane production efficiency and uneven mass and heat transfer of this technology, the micro-aerobic synchronous pre-heating dry fermentation technology was proposed, supporting equipment was designed, and pilot and pilot tests were carried out, and the methane production efficiency was improved. In order to further improve the practical application quality of amplification equipment, based on the optimization of key components such as sealing, feed inlet and outlet, and spray circulation system of fermentation equipment, the optimal aeration rate and the material transformation characteristics of micro-aerobic pre-heating stage in practical application were further explored, the relationship between microbial ecological network was revealed, and the actual operation effect was evaluated. The results showed that the optimization of key components significantly improved the operational stability of the equipment. The optimal aeration rate was 10L/min and the volume gas production rate reached 1.20m3/(m3·d) in the micro-aerobic synchronous preheating stage. At the 40th hour, the material temperature of each layer in the aerated group was increased by 45.54%, 32.46% and 52.06% compared with that in the nonaerated group. The simultaneous pre-heating promoted the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose in each layer of the material, improved the acidification efficiency, and increased the concentration of organic acids by 59.83%, 50.69% and 20.85%, respectively. The gas production potential of the material was increased by 34.9%. The relationship between microbial network and changes in fermentation environmental factors was investigated. It was found that the abundance of SBR1031, Synergistales and Gaiellales, which had synergistic effects in microaerobic preheating stage, were increased by 57.67%, 15.88% and 68.59%, respectively.

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衣蕊,趙立欣,姚宗路,馮晶,劉新鑫,于佳動.干法厭氧發(fā)酵裝備同步升溫發(fā)酵及微生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2023,54(4):376-385. YI Rui, ZHAO Lixin, YAO Zonglu, FENG Jing, LIU Xinxin, YU Jiadong. Synchronous Heating Fermentation and Micro-ecological Network of Dry Anaerobic Fermentation Equipment[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(4):376-385.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-03
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-02-24
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