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茄科蔬菜多株同步自動(dòng)嫁接機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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山東省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃(重大科技創(chuàng)新工程)項(xiàng)目(2022CXGC010611、2021CXGC010813)


Design and Test of Key Components of Vegetable Grafting Robot for Plug Seedlings
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    摘要:

    以茄科蔬菜穴盤(pán)苗為作業(yè)對(duì)象,,開(kāi)展了多株蔬菜同步自動(dòng)嫁接技術(shù)及關(guān)鍵機(jī)構(gòu)研究,。提出了基于劈接法的茄科蔬菜六株同步自動(dòng)嫁接機(jī)的整機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)方案,該機(jī)可連續(xù)實(shí)現(xiàn)穴盤(pán)苗自動(dòng)進(jìn)給,、砧穗木的切削與插接,、嫁接夾的定向排序與持送上夾等功能。重點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)了嫁接機(jī)的砧木平切機(jī)構(gòu),、砧木劈切機(jī)構(gòu),、穗木推切機(jī)構(gòu)、砧木與穗木插接機(jī)構(gòu),、振動(dòng)排序供夾裝置及持送上夾機(jī)構(gòu)等關(guān)鍵機(jī)構(gòu),,確定了各機(jī)構(gòu)的主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)。以辣椒苗為嫁接對(duì)象,,開(kāi)展了六株同步嫁接機(jī)切削質(zhì)量正交試驗(yàn),,試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,提高對(duì)苗株的夾持精度和切削速度及較小的莖稈纖維硬度有利于提高切削質(zhì)量,。當(dāng)切削速度為1.5m/s時(shí),,嫁接期辣椒苗樣機(jī)性能驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,砧穗木切削合格率98.6%,、嫁接合格率97.1%,、嫁接成活率96.2%、嫁接效率720株/h,,達(dá)到了設(shè)計(jì)要求,。

    Abstract:

    In order to improve the efficiency of vegetable grafting in large-scale planting,taking solanaceous vegetable plug seedlings as the object of operation, automatic grafting techniques and key mechanisms of vegetable grafting robot were studied. Based on the splitting method, the overall structure scheme of a grafting robot for synchronous grafting of six solanaceous vegetable seedlings was proposed. It can continuously realize the functions of automatic feeding of plug seedlings, cutting and plugging of rootstocks and scions, directional sequencing of grafting clips, and holding and clamping. The key mechanisms of the grafting machine, such as the horizontal cutting mechanism of rootstock, the splitting mechanism of rootstock, the pushing cutting mechanism of scion, the plugging mechanism of rootstock and scion, the vibration sorting and clamping device and the holding and clamping mechanism were designed, and the key structural parameters of each mechanism were determined. Taking pepper seedlings as the grafting object, orthogonal experiments on cutting quality of grafting robot was carried out. The results showed that improving the clamping accuracy and cutting speed of the seedlings, and reducing the fiber hardness of the stems were beneficial to improving the cutting quality. The cutting speed was set at 1.5m/s, and a prototype performance verification test was conducted on the grafted pepper seedlings. The results showed that the cutting qualification rate of the rootstock and scion was 98.6%, the grafting qualification rate was 97.1%, the grafting survival rate was 96.2%, and the grafting efficiency was 720 plants/h, which met the design requirements. This study provides support for the development of efficient multi-seedlings synchronous grafting robots.

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王家勝,張梅,高春鳳,尚書(shū)旗,王東偉.茄科蔬菜多株同步自動(dòng)嫁接機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(6):38-45. WANG Jiasheng, ZHANG Mei, GAO Chunfeng, SHANG Shuqi, WANG Dongwei. Design and Test of Key Components of Vegetable Grafting Robot for Plug Seedlings[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(6):38-45.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-11
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-04-05
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