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適配免耕播種單體的清秸裝置改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(32101628),、黑龍江省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(LH2021E004),、黑龍江省百千萬工程科技重大專項(xiàng)(2020ZX17B01)和財(cái)政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(GARS-04)


Improved Design and Test of Straw Cleaning Device Suitable for No-tillage Seeding Unit
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    摘要:

    地表秸稈覆蓋免耕播種具有蓄水保墑、提高土壤肥力,、改良土壤結(jié)構(gòu),、控制土壤侵蝕、降低生產(chǎn)成本和提高作物產(chǎn)量等社會(huì),、生態(tài)和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,。針對(duì)現(xiàn)有同位仿形免耕播種單體在重度秸稈覆蓋、高速作業(yè)條件下,,清秸裝置作業(yè)質(zhì)量差,、工作效率低問題,改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)了一種具有秸稈軸向加速推送功能的清秸裝置,。闡明了清秸裝置清理秸稈機(jī)理,,完成了關(guān)鍵部件清秸輪和助推螺旋設(shè)計(jì),確定了影響其工作性能主要參數(shù)及取值范圍,。采用二次回歸正交旋轉(zhuǎn)中心組合試驗(yàn)方法,,以作業(yè)速度、工作偏角,、螺旋升角,、螺旋葉片數(shù)為試驗(yàn)因素,清秸率和工作阻力為性能評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),,在構(gòu)建的EDEM-ADAMS聯(lián)合仿真試驗(yàn)平臺(tái)上實(shí)施參數(shù)組合優(yōu)化試驗(yàn),,結(jié)果表明:各因素對(duì)清秸率影響由大至小依次為作業(yè)速度、工作偏角,、螺旋葉片數(shù),、螺旋升角;各因素對(duì)工作阻力影響由大至小依次為作業(yè)速度,、工作偏角,、螺旋葉片數(shù)、螺旋升角,。應(yīng)用Design-Expert軟件對(duì)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行參數(shù)組合優(yōu)化,,當(dāng)螺旋升角為40°、螺旋葉片數(shù)為4,、作業(yè)速度為7.5~10.7km/h,、工作偏角為20.0°~32.5°時(shí),,清秸率大于85%,工作阻力小于110N,。在作業(yè)速度8,、9、10km/h條件下,,對(duì)螺旋升角40°,、螺旋葉片數(shù)4、工作偏角30°的清秸裝置進(jìn)行田間性能試驗(yàn),,得到清秸率大于82%,,工作阻力小于112N,表明仿真試驗(yàn)結(jié)果可信,,在作業(yè)速度10km/h條件下相對(duì)未優(yōu)化清秸裝置清秸率提高33.5%,、工作阻力無顯著性差異。

    Abstract:

    No tillage sowing with straw mulch on the surface has social, ecological and economic benefits such as water storage and moisture conservation, improving soil fertility, improving soil structure, controlling soil erosion, reducing production costs and increasing crop yield. In order to solve the problems of poor operation quality and low efficiency of the straw cleaning device under the condition of heavy straw coverage and high speed operation of the no-tillage seeding unit in service, an improved straw cleaning device with the function of straw axial acceleration was designed. The mechanism of the straw cleaning device was clarified, the key components were designed, and the main parameters affecting its working performance and the value range were determined. Using the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation center combination test method, taking the operating speed, operating deflection angle, spiral rise angle and spiral blade number as the test factors, and the straw cleaning rate and working resistance as the performance evaluation indicators, the parameter combination optimization test was carried out on the constructed EDEM-ADAMS joint simulation test platform. The results showed that each factor had a significant impact on the straw cleaning rate, and the significant factors were working deflection angle, operating speed number of spiral blades and spiral rise angle. Each factor had a significant impact on the working resistance, and the significance from large to small was the working speed, working deflection angle, number of spiral blades, and spiral rise angle. The Design-Expert software was used to optimize the parameter combination of the test results. When the helix angle was 40°, the number of spiral blades was 4, the operating speed was 7.5~10.7km/h, and the operating deflection angle was 20.0°~32.5°, the straw removal rate was more than 85%, and the working resistance was less than 110N. Under the operating speed of 8km/h, 9km/h and 10km/h, the field performance test was conducted on the straw cleaning device with a spiral angle of 40°, a number of spiral blades and a working deflection angle of 30°. The straw cleaning rate was more than 82%, and the working resistance was less than 112N, which proved that the simulation test results were credible. At the operating speed of 10km/h, the straw cleaning rate was increased by 33.5% compared with that of the non optimized straw cleaning device, and there was no significant difference in the working resistance.

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侯守印,紀(jì)張馳,薛東輝,王星,馮斌杰,陳海濤.適配免耕播種單體的清秸裝置改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(7):111-122. HOU Shouyin, JI Zhangchi, XUE Donghui, WANG Xing, FENG Binjie, CHEN Haitao. Improved Design and Test of Straw Cleaning Device Suitable for No-tillage Seeding Unit[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(7):111-122.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-17
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-07-10
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