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小粒徑種子氣力自適應(yīng)排種系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51975238),、財(cái)政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國家現(xiàn)代油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系專項(xiàng)(CARS-12)和湖北省農(nóng)機(jī)裝備攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目(HBSNY202207)


Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Adaptive Seeding System for Small Particle Size Seeds
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    摘要:

    針對氣力式排種器適宜工作負(fù)壓與工作轉(zhuǎn)速、種子尺寸等因素有關(guān),,而現(xiàn)有氣力式播種機(jī)排種系統(tǒng)實(shí)際作業(yè)時(shí)工作氣壓為定值設(shè)置,,不能適時(shí)優(yōu)化調(diào)整的問題,以正負(fù)氣壓組合式小粒徑種子排種器為對象,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種氣力自適應(yīng)排種系統(tǒng),。該系統(tǒng)采用STM32單片機(jī)控制,通過隨速調(diào)整排種器工作轉(zhuǎn)速,、實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測排種性能,,動態(tài)調(diào)整排種器工作負(fù)壓,保證了排種器實(shí)際工作負(fù)壓持續(xù)保持在實(shí)時(shí)工況條件下的最優(yōu)值,,實(shí)現(xiàn)排種性能的較優(yōu)控制。臺架試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,氣力自適應(yīng)排種系統(tǒng)在不同作業(yè)速度,、種子尺寸工況下,排種合格指數(shù)均大于92%,,漏播指數(shù)均小于6%,,相較于固定氣壓設(shè)定和開環(huán)控制氣壓調(diào)節(jié)方法,排種合格指數(shù)分別提高9.02,、3.84個百分點(diǎn),,重播指數(shù)分別降低8.44、1.99個百分點(diǎn),,漏播指數(shù)分別降低0.58,、1.86個百分點(diǎn)。田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,搭載氣力自適應(yīng)排種系統(tǒng)的播種機(jī)實(shí)際田間作業(yè)時(shí)株距穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)為14.27%,,各行苗數(shù)一致性變異系數(shù)為7.03%,田間作業(yè)性能良好,。該研究可為氣力式播種機(jī)持續(xù)穩(wěn)定單粒精量播種能力提升提供技術(shù)參考,。

    Abstract:

    The suitable working negative pressure of pneumatic seed metering device is related to working speed and seed size. However, the working pressure of the seeding system of the existing pneumatic seeder is frequently set to a fixed value which cannot be optimized and adjusted timely. A pneumatic adaptive seeding system was designed based on the positive and negative pressure combined small particle size seeds metering device. The system was controlled by STM32 single-chip microcomputer. By adjusting the working speed of the metering device with speed and monitoring the seeding performance in real time, the working negative pressure of the metering device can be dynamically adjusted, and the actual working negative pressure of the metering device can be continuously maintained as the optimal value under the corresponding working conditions, so as to realize the optimal control of the seeding performance. The results of the bench test showed that the qualified index of the pneumatic adaptive seeding system was greater than 92% and the missing index was less than 6 % under different operating speeds and seed sizes. Compared with the fixed air pressure setting and the open-loop control air pressure adjustment method, the qualified index of seeding was increased by 9.02 and 3.84 percentage points respectively, the multiple index was decreased by 8.44 and 1.99 percentage points respectively, and the missing index was decreased by 0.58 and 1.86 percentage points respectively. Field test showed that the stability coefficient of plant spacing of the seeder equipped with a pneumatic adaptive seeding system was 14.27%, and the consistent coefficient of variation of the number of seedlings in each row was 7.03%. The findings can provide a technical reference for the improvement of the continuous and stable single-grain precision seeding ability of the pneumatic seeder.

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施彬彬,鄭娟,王磊,廖慶喜,廖宜濤.小粒徑種子氣力自適應(yīng)排種系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(8):30-41. SHI Binbin, ZHENG Juan, WANG Lei, LIAO Qingxi, LIAO Yitao. Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Adaptive Seeding System for Small Particle Size Seeds[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(8):30-41.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-04-10
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-06-06
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