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油菜寬幅折疊式淺旋精量聯(lián)合直播機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(32001427),、財(cái)政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國(guó)家現(xiàn)代油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(CARS-12)和省農(nóng)機(jī)補(bǔ)短板項(xiàng)目(HBSNYT202207)


Design and Experiment of Rapeseed Wide-width Folding Shallow-rotation Combined Precision Direct Seeder
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)長(zhǎng)江中下游稻油輪作區(qū)油菜播種作業(yè)工序復(fù)雜、效率低的問(wèn)題,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種油菜寬幅折疊式淺旋精量聯(lián)合直播機(jī),,可實(shí)現(xiàn)開(kāi)畦溝、淺旋滅茬,、油菜精量播種,、種床覆土等功能。分析確定了整機(jī)基本結(jié)構(gòu)和工作過(guò)程,,對(duì)液壓折疊機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)分析,,利用Matlab軟件確定了液壓缸結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)以及承受的最大負(fù)載,基于拖拉機(jī)液壓油路設(shè)計(jì)了液壓折疊控制系統(tǒng);根據(jù)開(kāi)畦溝深度,、寬度,、耕深、覆土均勻性等作業(yè)要求,,確定了刀軸轉(zhuǎn)速為360~480r/min,,開(kāi)溝刀、淺旋刀輥旋轉(zhuǎn)半徑分別為320,、175mm,,開(kāi)溝刀盤(pán)開(kāi)溝刀數(shù)量為8;分析了分土導(dǎo)流板結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的取值范圍,,應(yīng)用EDEM軟件開(kāi)展了分土導(dǎo)流板不同結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)組合下的覆土均勻性正交試驗(yàn),,建立了覆土均勻性與分土導(dǎo)流板安裝距離、導(dǎo)流板長(zhǎng)度和分土板角度的回歸數(shù)學(xué)模型,,試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,當(dāng)分土導(dǎo)流板安裝距離為200mm、導(dǎo)向板長(zhǎng)度為600mm,、分土板角度為60°時(shí),,覆土均勻性可達(dá)93.33%。田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,當(dāng)機(jī)組前進(jìn)速度為3.6km/h,、畦溝深度為150mm、刀軸轉(zhuǎn)速為480r/min時(shí),,油菜寬幅折疊式淺旋精量聯(lián)合直播機(jī)作業(yè)后種床碎土率為91.62%,,秸稈埋覆率為90.72%,廂面平整度為13.17mm,,成苗率為73.89%,,整機(jī)作業(yè)效果滿足油菜直播作業(yè)要求。該研究為設(shè)計(jì)油菜寬幅高效播種機(jī)提供新途徑,。

    Abstract:

    To solve the problems of complex process and low efficiency in rape seeding operation in the rice-oil rotation cropping area in mid-lower Yangtze River, a wide-width folding shallow-rotation combined precision direct seeder for rapeseed was designed, which can realize the functions of opening furrows, shallow rotation, precision seeding of rapeseed, covering soil. The basic structure and working process of the machine were analyzed and determined, and the kinematics and the dynamics analysis on the hydraulic folding mechanism were carried out. The Matlab software was used to determine the structural parameters and the maximum load of the hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic folding control system was designed based on the hydraulic oil circuit of the tractor. According to the operational requirements of ditch opening depth, width, plowing depth, and uniformity of soil cover, the speed range of the cutter shaft was 360~480r/min, and the rotation radii of the ditching cutter and shallow rotary cutter roller were determined to be 320mm and 175mm, respectively, the number of ditching cutters was 8. The value range of the structural parameters of the soil dividing deflector was analyzed, the orthogonal test of the uniformity of the soil covering under different structural parameters of the soil dividing deflector was carried out by using EDEM software, and the regression mathematical model of the uniformity of covering soil on the installation distance of the soil dividing deflector, the length of the deflector and the angle of soil dividing plate was established. The simulation test results showed that when the installation distance of the soil dividing guide plate was 200mm, the length of the guide plate was 600mm, and the angle of the soil dividing plate was 60°, the uniformity of the covering soil can reach 93.33%. The field test results showed that when the forward speed of the unit was 3.6km/h, the depth of the furrow was 150mm, and the rotational speed of the cutter shaft was 480r/min, the seed bed crushing rate after operation of the rapeseed wide-width folding shallow-rotating precision combined direct seeding machine was 91.62%, the straw burial rate was 90.72%, the box surface flatness was 13.17mm, and the seedling formation rate was 73.89%. The operation effect of the wide-width folding shallow-rotation combined precision direct seeder can meet the requirements of rapeseed direct seeding operation. The research result can provide a approach for the design of wide efficient seed drill for rapeseed.

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康艷,廖慶喜,廖宜濤,韓靜軒,程昊,張青松.油菜寬幅折疊式淺旋精量聯(lián)合直播機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(8):42-52,,109. KANG Yan, LIAO Qingxi, LIAO Yitao, HAN Jingxuan, CHENG Hao, ZHANG Qingsong. Design and Experiment of Rapeseed Wide-width Folding Shallow-rotation Combined Precision Direct Seeder[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(8):42-52,109.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-09
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-05-30
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