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齒勺氣送式芝麻精量集排器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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財(cái)政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國(guó)家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(CASR-12)


Design and Experiment of Slotted-tooth Spoon Hole and Air-assisted Precision Centralized Metering Device for Sesame
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)芝麻種子球形度低,、流動(dòng)性差導(dǎo)致排種過程充種穩(wěn)定性差,,難以實(shí)現(xiàn)精量播種的實(shí)際問題,基于芝麻的機(jī)械物理特性和播種農(nóng)藝要求,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種采用傾斜齒勺式型孔充種,、氣送輔助導(dǎo)種的芝麻精量集排器,確定了其主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),,構(gòu)建了充種,、攜種和投種環(huán)節(jié)中芝麻種子顆粒群的力學(xué)模型。應(yīng)用EDEM開展了排種器排種性能仿真試驗(yàn),,采用三因素三水平正交試驗(yàn)與Box-Behnken響應(yīng)面分析了型孔高度,、型孔右壁傾角和齒勺傾角對(duì)排種性能的影響,,結(jié)果表明,型孔高度為1.92mm,、型孔右壁傾角為8.4°,、齒勺傾角為28.6°時(shí),各行排量一致性變異系數(shù)和平均排種量分別為1.69%,、3.7g/min,。以排種軸轉(zhuǎn)速、種層充填高度為試驗(yàn)因素,,以各行排量一致性變異系數(shù),、總排量穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo),進(jìn)行排種性能二因素三水平試驗(yàn),,試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:排種軸轉(zhuǎn)速15r/min,、種層充填高度10mm時(shí),各行排量一致性變異系數(shù),、總排量穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)分別為1.62%,、0.40%,排種性能較優(yōu),。田間試驗(yàn)表明,,機(jī)組作業(yè)速度為2.9km/h時(shí),芝麻平均種植密度為36株/m2,,播種均勻性變異系數(shù)低于4%,,滿足芝麻田間播種要求。

    Abstract:

    Considering the practical problem that the poor mobility and low sphericity of sesame seeds make it difficult to fill seeds during seeding process and to achieve precision seeding, based on the mechanical and physical properties and parameters and the demand of planting agronomy for sesame, a precision metering device for sesame seeds was designed, which used slotted-tooth spoon holes to fill seeds and air delivery to assist seed feeding. The key structural parameters of seed metering device were determined, and the mechanical model of seed particle group during seed filling, seed carrying and seed supplying was established. The performance of seed metering device was simulated and optimized by using discrete element software EDEM. The influence of the hole depth, the angle of right wall of the shaped hole and the angle of slotted-tooth spoon hole on variation coefficient of seeding amount uniformity in each row and average sowing amount per minute were studied by Box-Behnken response surface optimization method and three-factor and three-level orthogonal simulation experiment. The variation coefficient of seeding amount uniformity in each row and average sowing amount per minute were 1.69% and 3.7g/min, respectively, when the hole depth was 1.92mm, the angle of the right wall of the shaped hole was 8.4°, and the angle of slotted-tooth spoon was 28.6°. A two-factor and three-level bench test of seed metering device performance was carried out. The test factors were the rotation speed of seed metering shaft and the filling height of the seed layer. The variation coefficient of total seeding stability and the variation coefficient of seeding amount uniformity in each row were taken as the test evaluations. The results showed that seed metering device had the best performance when the rotation speed of seed metering shaft was 15r/min and the filling height of the seed layer was 10mm. And variation coefficient of total seeding stability, the variation coefficient of seeding amount uniformity in each row were 1.62% and 0.40%, respectively, which met the agronomic requirements of sesame planting. The field experiment demonstrated that the uniformity coefficient of variation of the number of seedlings in each row was lower than 4% and the average planting density was 36 plants/m2, when the forward speed of seed metering device was 2.9km/h. The research result can provide a reference to improve the structure of metering device for sesame seeds.

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廖慶喜,曹梅,王寶山,王磊,沈文惠,裴立民.齒勺氣送式芝麻精量集排器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(8):65-76. LIAO Qingxi, CAO Mei, WANG Baoshan, WANG Lei, SHEN Wenhui, PEI Limin. Design and Experiment of Slotted-tooth Spoon Hole and Air-assisted Precision Centralized Metering Device for Sesame[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(8):65-76.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-05
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-02-09
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