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氣力機械組合式藜蒿脫葉機設(shè)計與試驗
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農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)裝備重點實驗室開放項目


Design and Experiment of Pneumatic-Mechanical Combined Leaves Removing Machine for Artemisia selengensis
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    摘要:

    藜蒿是我國特色蔬菜,,可食部為莖稈與頂部嫩葉,因莖稈鮮嫩易折,、徑向葉片多且易相互纏繞,,售前脫葉工序難度大,仍以人工脫葉為主,。針對藜蒿脫葉裝備匱乏,,人工勞動強度大、成本高等問題,,在統(tǒng)計分析藜蒿植株特性的基礎(chǔ)上,,設(shè)計了一種氣力機械組合式藜蒿脫葉機,通過吸葉滾筒氣力吸附引導(dǎo),、脫葉輥機械拉拽脫葉實現(xiàn)藜蒿莖葉的有效分離,。統(tǒng)計分析了藜蒿外形幾何參數(shù),測試了葉片順向,、垂直,、逆向拉拽的抗拉力,明確采用逆向拉拽脫葉方式,;開展了吸葉滾筒,、脫葉輥等關(guān)鍵部件結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和運行參數(shù)分析,基于CFD模擬了吸葉滾筒氣流場狀態(tài),,結(jié)合仿真正交試驗確定了吸孔軸向間距為10mm,,周向分布夾角為10°,有效孔個數(shù)為121個,,吸孔直徑為4mm,、深度為4mm,,脫葉輥相對高度為30mm;以吸葉滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速,、脫葉輥轉(zhuǎn)速和夾持喂入速度為試驗因素,,以脫葉率和斷葉率為評價指標,開展了二次回歸正交試驗,,建立了脫葉率,、斷葉率與各試驗因素之間的回歸數(shù)學(xué)模型,,求解得到最佳參數(shù)組合為吸葉滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速77r/min,、脫葉輥轉(zhuǎn)速65r/min、喂入速度40mm/s,;在最佳參數(shù)組合條件下,,藜蒿脫葉機的脫葉率與斷葉率分別為94.32%和12.93%,單輥作業(yè)效率可達12.3kg/h,,滿足藜蒿脫葉技術(shù)要求,。

    Abstract:

    Artemisia selengensis, whose edible part is stem and several fresh leaves at the top, is a characteristic vegetable in China. Most of the leaves need to be removed before the sale. However, it is hard to remove the easy folding leaves without damaging the fresh stem. Existing leaves removing operation of the Artemisia selengensis is still rely on the hand labor with high cost and labor consumption. To improve the mechanization level of leaves removing operation, a pneumatic-mechanical combined leaves removing machine for the Artemisia selengensis was designed. The effective removing of leaves from the stem was realized through the pneumatic adsorption guidance of leaves suction drum and the mechanical pulling of leaves pulling roller. Characteristics based on the defoliation machine was designed. The geometric parameters of Artemisia selengensis were statistically analyzed while the pull resistance of leaves in forward, normal, and reverse pulling were tested. It was indicated that the reverse pulling method was better to remove the leaves. The analysis of the structural parameters and operating parameters of the key components such as the leaves suction drum and pulling roller was carried out. The air flow field of the leaves suction drum was simulated based on CFD. Combined with the simulation orthogonal test, the axial spacing of the suction hole was determined to be 10mm, the circumferential distribution angle was 10°, the number of effective holes was 121, the diameter of the suction hole was 4mm with the depth of 4mm, and the relative height of the leaves pulling roller was 30mm. By taking the leaves suction drum speed, the leaves pulling roller speed and feeding rate as experimental factors, taking the removal rate and breaking rate of leaves as evaluation indexes, the quadratic regression orthogonal experiment was conducted. The regression mathematical model was established. The optimal parameter combination was obtained as leaves suction drum speed of 77r/min, leaves pulling roller speed of 65r/min,and feeding rate of 40mm/s. Under the optimal parameter combination condition, the leaves removal rate and breaking rate were 94.32% and 12.93%, respectively. The operation efficiency could reach 12.3kg/h, which met the production of the Artemisia selengensis. The research result could provide a reference for the structure improvement and optimization of leaves removing machine for Artemisia selengensis.

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萬星宇,武安陽,廖慶喜,馬國慶,李運通,廖宜濤.氣力機械組合式藜蒿脫葉機設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2023,54(8):132-142. WAN Xingyu, WU Anyang, LIAO Qingxi, MA Guoqing, LI Yuntong, LIAO Yitao. Design and Experiment of Pneumatic-Mechanical Combined Leaves Removing Machine for Artemisia selengensis[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(8):132-142.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-01-16
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-05-05
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