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玉米大豆不同間作系統(tǒng)光合特性與產(chǎn)量邊際效應(yīng)
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(32160506)


Marginal Effects of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield in Maize and Soybean Intercropping Systems
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    摘要:

    為明確內(nèi)蒙古河套灌區(qū)間作模式的邊際效應(yīng)及該區(qū)域本土化玉米大豆間作技術(shù)模式,,在滴灌條件下,,設(shè)置4種間作技術(shù)模式(行比為2∶3、2∶4,、4∶3,、4∶4(T2∶3、T2∶4,、T4∶3,、T4∶4)),,以玉米大豆單作為對照,對光合特性變化規(guī)律,、種間競爭力及邊際效應(yīng)進行分析,。結(jié)果表明,單作與間作玉米葉片葉綠素SPAD及氮質(zhì)量比總體表現(xiàn)為大喇叭口期達到峰值,,之后逐漸下降,,進入灌漿期又出現(xiàn)一小高峰,此時,,T2∶3模式葉綠素SPAD及氮質(zhì)量比與單作差異均不顯著,,大喇叭口期,分別較單作下降0.91%,、5.07%,,灌漿期,較單作分別提高5.09%,、5.17%,,且凈光合速率均于吐絲期達到峰值,但T2∶3較單作下降緩慢,,其它模式的特點是峰值低,,出現(xiàn)早(大喇叭口期),降得快,。T2∶3模式與單作大豆葉片葉綠素SPAD和氮質(zhì)量比均在開花期達到峰值,,之后逐漸下降,鼓粒期又出現(xiàn)一小高峰,,結(jié)莢期與鼓粒期,,T2∶3模式SPAD較單作分別提高2.32%、5.11%,,氮質(zhì)量比分別提高2.34%,、5.77%,且凈光合速率峰值出現(xiàn)晚(鼓粒期),,其它模式峰值出現(xiàn)早,,降得快,尤其T2∶4,、T4∶3,、T4∶4模式的中行更顯著。因此,,間作群體花后光合功能穩(wěn)定期長是關(guān)鍵,,是發(fā)揮間作優(yōu)勢的重要原因。僅T2∶3模式土地當(dāng)量比大于1,達到1.38,,且大豆的相對擁擠系數(shù)大于玉米,,間作大豆侵占力、競爭比率均大于玉米,,T2∶3具有明顯的間作優(yōu)勢和競爭力,,大豆相對產(chǎn)量增長大于玉米,是競爭優(yōu)勢種,。T2∶3模式的玉米,、大豆產(chǎn)量最高,分別為9705,、2265kg/hm2,,占系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)量的81.08%、18.92%,。T4∶4模式的玉米產(chǎn)量與葉綠素SPAD,、凈光合速率具有顯著的邊際優(yōu)勢,而大豆僅光合速率表現(xiàn)邊際優(yōu)勢,,T2∶3模式的中行大豆具有光合優(yōu)勢,。綜上,T2∶3模式是內(nèi)蒙古河套灌區(qū)適宜的間作技術(shù)模式,。

    Abstract:

    In order to clarify the marginal effect of intercropping patterns and the localized maize and soybean intercropping technical patterns in Hetao Irrigation Area of Inner Mongolia, four intercropping technical patterns (row ratio: 2∶3, 2∶4, 4∶3,, 4∶4(T2∶3, T2∶4, T4∶3, T4∶4)) were set under the condition of trickle irrigation. The changes of photosynthetic characteristics, interspecific competitiveness and marginal effect were analyzed with maize and soybean as control. The results showed that the overall chlorophyll SPAD and nitrogen content of maize leaves in monocropping and intercropping reached peak at the large trumpet stage, and then decreased gradually, and then appeared a small peak at the filling stage. At this time, the chlorophyll SPAD and nitrogen contents in the T2〖DK〗∶3 mode were not significantly different from those in mono-cropping stage, and the chlorophyll SPAD and nitrogen contents in the large trumpet stage were decreased by 0.91% and 5.07% compared with that in mono-cropping stage, respectively. Compared with monocropping, the net photosynthetic rate was increased by 5.09% and 5.17%, respectively, and reached the peak at the spinneret stage, but T2∶3 decreased slowly compared with monocropping. Other modes were characterized by low peak, early appearance (large trumpet stage), and rapid decline. The contents of chlorophyll SPAD and nitrogen in the leaves of T2∶3 mode and monocropping soybean reached a peak at the flowering stage, and then decreased gradually, and a small peak appeared at the drum grain stage. At pod stage and drum grain stage, the SPAD value and nitrogen content of T2∶3 mode were increased by 2.32% and 5.11%, respectively, compared with that of monocropping. The peak value of net photosynthetic rate appeared late (bulging stage), while the peak value of other models appeared early and decreased rapidly, especially in the middle line of models T2∶4, T4∶3 and T4∶4. Therefore, the long post-anthesis photosynthetic stability period of intercropping populationwas the key, which was an important reason to exert the advantage of intercropping. Only T2∶3 model land equivalent ratio was greater than 1, reaching 1.38, and the relative crowding coefficient of soybean was greater than that of maize, and the encroachment power and competition ratio of intercropping soybean were greater than that of maize. T2∶3 had obvious intercropping advantage and competitiveness, and the relative yield growth of soybean was greater than that of maize, so it was a competitive dominant species. The maize and soybean yields of T2∶3 mode were the highest, which were 9705kg/hm2 and 2265kg/hm2,respectively, accounting for 81.08% and 18.92% of the system yield. Maize yield, chlorophyll SPAD and net photosynthetic rate in T4∶4 mode had significant marginal advantage, while soybean only showed marginal advantage in photosynthetic rate, and middle-line soybean in T2∶3 mode had photosynthetic advantage. In conclusion, T2∶3 model was the appropriate intercropping technology model in Hetao Irrigation Area of Inner Mongolia.

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崔文芳,秦德志,陳靜,劉劍,嚴海鷗,秦麗.玉米大豆不同間作系統(tǒng)光合特性與產(chǎn)量邊際效應(yīng)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2023,54(8):309-319. CUI Wenfang, QIN Dezhi, CHEN Jing, LIU Jian, YAN Haiou, QIN Li. Marginal Effects of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield in Maize and Soybean Intercropping Systems[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(8):309-319.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-23
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-02-03
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