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水稻高速插秧機固體顆粒肥料變量施肥裝置設(shè)計與試驗
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廣東省重點研發(fā)項目(2019B020221003)、國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(52175226),、廣東省科技廳項目(KTP20210196)和財政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)項目(CARS-01-47)


Design and Experiment of Solid Particle Fertilizer Variable Rate Fertilization Device for High-speed Rice Transplanter
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    摘要:

    變量施肥技術(shù)是實施科學(xué)施肥的重要手段,,可使施肥更精準(zhǔn)、更有針對性,,有效減少農(nóng)田污染,。在水稻高速插秧與同步施肥作業(yè)時,施肥量的調(diào)節(jié)主要采用提前標(biāo)定方式調(diào)控,,其調(diào)控費時,、精度不穩(wěn)定。為快速準(zhǔn)確地調(diào)節(jié)施肥量,,實現(xiàn)變量施肥作業(yè),,本文設(shè)計了一種自動控制的固體顆粒肥料變量施肥裝置,,闡述了變量施肥裝置總體結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理,,進行了關(guān)鍵部件設(shè)計與試驗;以單片機STM32為控制核心,,構(gòu)建了施肥量在線檢測及智能調(diào)控系統(tǒng),。采用試驗設(shè)計優(yōu)化方法,對肥料流量在線檢測系統(tǒng)性能與主要影響因素進行試驗,,確定了最佳因素組合,;通過試驗分別構(gòu)建了3種主要固體顆粒肥料檢測流量與壓電片電壓之間的關(guān)系模型、3種主要固體顆粒肥料實際流量與排肥軸轉(zhuǎn)速之間的關(guān)系模型,、排肥軸轉(zhuǎn)速與電動推桿工作長度和插秧機前進速度之間的關(guān)系模型,,并對模型進行試驗驗證與分析。開展了排肥軸轉(zhuǎn)速分別為20,、25,、30r/min肥料質(zhì)量檢測精度試驗,當(dāng)插秧機前進速度為1m/s勻速條件下,3種肥料總體質(zhì)量檢測精度平均值分別為94.45%,、93.85%和93.15%,;進行了復(fù)合肥施肥量為200、250,、300kg/hm2和尿素施肥量為165,、195、225kg/hm2調(diào)控性能試驗,,當(dāng)插秧機前進速度為06~1.4m/s條件下,,3種肥料總體施肥量變異系數(shù)平均值分別為3.02%、3.15%和2.82%,;進行了施肥量分別為180,、225kg/hm2的田間試驗,當(dāng)插秧機前進速度為1~1.4m/s條件下,,挪威復(fù)合肥施肥量準(zhǔn)確率平均值分別為94.89%和97.82%,。理論與試驗分析表明,該變量施肥裝置調(diào)控性能穩(wěn)定,,能夠滿足水稻側(cè)深變量施肥的作業(yè)要求,。

    Abstract:

    Variable rate fertilization technology is an important means of scientific fertilization, which can make fertilization more accurate and targeted, and effectively reduce farmland pollution. During high-speed rice transplanting and synchronous fertilization operations, the adjustment of fertilization amount is mainly controlled by pre calibration, which is time-consuming and unstable in accuracy. To quickly and accurately adjust the fertilization amount and achieve variable rate fertilization operations, an automatic control variable rate fertilizer application device was studied and designed for solid particle fertilizer. The overall structure and working principle of the variable rate fertilizer application device was expounded, and the key components were designed and tested. The on-line monitoring and intelligent control system of fertilizer amount were constructed with the single-chip microcomputer STM32 as the control core. By using the optimization method of experimental design, the performance and main influencing factors of the fertilizer flow online detection system were studied, and the best combination of factors was determined. Through the experiment, the change rule models between the detected flow of three kinds of main solid particle fertilizers and the voltage value of piezoelectric sheet, the change rule models between the actual flow of three kinds of main solid particle fertilizers and the rotation speed of the fertilizer discharge shaft, the change rule models between the rotation speed of the fertilizer discharge shaft and the working length of the electric push rod and the forward speed of the rice transplanter were respectively constructed, and the models were tested and analyzed. The results showed that when the forward speed of the rice transplanter was 1m/s and the rotation speeds of the fertilizer discharge shaft were 20r/min, 25r/min and 30r/min, the average detection accuracy of the fertilizer discharge of the three solid granular fertilizers were 94.45%, 93.85% and 93.15%, respectively. When the forward speed of the transplanting machine was 0.6~1.4m/s, the compound fertilizer application rates were 200kg/hm2, 250kg/hm2 and 300kg/hm2 and the urea application rates were 165kg/hm2,195kg/hm2 and 225kg/hm2,the average coefficient of variation of the fertilization rates of the three fertilizers were 3.02%, 3.15% and 2.82%, respectively. Field experiment showed that when the transplanting machine advanced at speed of 1~1.4m/s and the fertilization rates were 180kg/hm2 and 225kg/hm2, respectively, the average accuracy rates of compound fertilizer fertilization in Norway were 94.89% and 97.82%, respectively. Theoretical and experimental analysis showed that the variable rate fertilization device had stable regulation performance and can meet the operational requirements of rice side deep variable rate fertilization.

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馬旭,趙旭,劉賽賽,王宇唯,王曦成,李澤華.水稻高速插秧機固體顆粒肥料變量施肥裝置設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2023,54(9):99-110. MA Xu, ZHAO Xu, LIU Saisai, WANG Yuwei, WANG Xicheng, LI Zehua. Design and Experiment of Solid Particle Fertilizer Variable Rate Fertilization Device for High-speed Rice Transplanter[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(9):99-110.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-13
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-09-10
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