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獼猴桃果園有機肥免開溝施肥機設(shè)計與試驗
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陜西省農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)同創(chuàng)新與推廣聯(lián)盟重大科技項目(LMZD201703)和陜西省重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2022NY-204、2023-ZDLSF-62)


Design and Test of Applicator for Kiwifruit Orchards to Mix Organic Fertilizer into Soil without Furrowing
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    摘要:

    針對獼猴桃等藤架式果園狹小空間對有機肥施肥機的限制及現(xiàn)有施肥方式費工費時,、肥效低的問題,,結(jié)合獼猴桃根系淺層分布的生長特點,提出了一種機械化有機肥免開溝施肥方法。該方法包括撒肥,、肥-土混合和覆土3個一體化連續(xù)步驟,,施肥過程不開溝,地表不露肥,?;诖耍O(shè)計了有機肥免開溝施肥機,,整機高度1.5m,,配套動力37.5kW,肥箱容積1.2m3,,主要包括低矮側(cè)座拖拉機,、施肥拖車、拋肥裝置,、混肥裝置,、抗扭裝置、卷軸裝置,?;旆恃b置旋轉(zhuǎn)切土,實現(xiàn)肥-土混合以及混合層的土壤覆蓋,。確定了抗扭輪半徑以平衡混肥裝置單側(cè)布置產(chǎn)生的扭矩,,設(shè)計的卷軸裝置可同步收放混肥與抗扭裝置,并根據(jù)地形調(diào)整混肥裝置傾角,。通過混肥裝置離散元仿真確定最優(yōu)的刀機速比為32,。試驗結(jié)果表明,在最大設(shè)計施肥深度150mm,、施肥量5kg/m工況下,,肥-土全層混合,施肥深度的相對誤差小于等于7.73%,,露肥率小于等于5.56%,,混肥裝置平均功耗為4.7kW,滿足獼猴桃果園有機肥施肥要求,。

    Abstract:

    The small space of kiwifruit and other pergola-structured orchards restricts the use of organic fertilizer applicators. The existing fertilization methods are labour-intensive and time-consuming, with low fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, a mechanized no-furrowing deep organic fertilizer application method was proposed, considering kiwifruit’s growth characteristics and shallow root distribution. The method consisted of three simultaneous and successive steps: fertilizer spreading, fertilizer-soil mixing and soil covering. No furrow was opened during fertilizer application, but the fertilizer was mixed into the soil and not exposed to the ground. Based on this method, a non-furrowing deep organic fertilizer applicator for kiwifruit orchards was developed with height of 1.5m, power configuration of 37.5kW, and fertilizer box volume of 1.2m3. The organic fertilizer applicator consisted of a low-side seat tractor, fertilizer trailer, fertilizer spreading mechanism, fertilizer mixing mechanism, anti-twisting mechanism, and reel mechanism. The fertilizer mixing mechanism rotated and cut the soil to realize the fertilizer-soil mixing and the soil covering of the mixed layer. The radius of the anti-twisting wheel was determined to balance the torque generated by the one-sided arrangement of the fertilizer mixing mechanism. The reel mechanism simultaneously retracted the fertilizer mixing mechanism and the anti-twisting mechanism, and the working angle of the fertilizer mixing mechanism can be adjusted according to the terrain. The optimal knife-to-machine speed ratio was determined as 32 based on the discrete element simulation analysis of the working process of fertilizer mixing mechanism. The results of field test showed that under the working condition of the maximum designed fertilizer applying depth of 150mm and the fertilization amount of 5.0kg/m, organic fertilizer was mixed into the soil, the relative error of the fertilizer applying depth was less than or equal to 7.73%, the fertilizer exposure rate was less than or equal to 5.56%, and the average power consumption of the fertilizer mixing mechanism was 4.7kW, which met the requirements of organic fertilizer application in kiwifruit orchards. The research result provided a novel method and efficient equipment for organic fertilizer application in kiwifruit and other pergola-structured orchards.

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朱新華,趙懷松,伏勝康,李旭東,郭文川,張李嫻.獼猴桃果園有機肥免開溝施肥機設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2023,54(9):133-142. ZHU Xinhua, ZHAO Huaisong, FU Shengkang, LI Xudong, GUO Wenchuan, ZHANG Lixian. Design and Test of Applicator for Kiwifruit Orchards to Mix Organic Fertilizer into Soil without Furrowing[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(9):133-142.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-01
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-09-10
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