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對(duì)行式油菜薹有序收獲機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)(S202302),、財(cái)政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國(guó)家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系專項(xiàng)(CARS-12)和南京市現(xiàn)代農(nóng)機(jī)裝備與技術(shù)創(chuàng)新示范項(xiàng)目(NJ[2022]04)


Design and Experiment of Row-following Rapeseed Stalks Orderly Harvester
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)油菜薹機(jī)械化有序收獲裝備缺乏的問(wèn)題,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種對(duì)行式油菜薹有序收獲機(jī),完成油菜薹對(duì)行,、夾持切割,、柔性輸送、有序鋪放等收獲環(huán)節(jié),。闡述了收獲機(jī)整機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)和作業(yè)過(guò)程,,根據(jù)切割、輸送和鋪放過(guò)程中油菜薹的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)分析,確定了單圓盤(pán)切割器,、夾持輸送裝置和導(dǎo)流板等部件的結(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)行參數(shù),,解析收獲機(jī)參數(shù)對(duì)切割損傷率和鋪放角變異系數(shù)的影響規(guī)律。研制對(duì)行式油菜薹有序收獲機(jī)樣機(jī),,以機(jī)器前進(jìn)速度,、切刀轉(zhuǎn)速、輸送帶速度和導(dǎo)流板傾角為試驗(yàn)因素,,以切割損傷率和鋪放角變異系數(shù)為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)開(kāi)展四因素三水平Box-Behnken田間試驗(yàn),。利用數(shù)據(jù)分析軟件Design-Export 10建立試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)與因素之間的二次多項(xiàng)式回歸模型,分析各因素對(duì)試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)的影響規(guī)律,;求解切割損傷率和鋪放角變異系數(shù)優(yōu)化模型,,得出最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合為:機(jī)器前進(jìn)速度0.5m/s,切刀轉(zhuǎn)速910r/min,,輸送速度0.75m/s,,導(dǎo)流板傾角49°。驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)表明,,較優(yōu)參數(shù)組合條件下切割損傷率為4.95%,,鋪放角變異系數(shù)為9.55%,與預(yù)測(cè)值之間的相對(duì)誤差小于5%,,能夠滿足油菜薹有序收獲需求,。

    Abstract:

    Rapeseed stalks are nutrient rich vegetable, but the harvesting of rapeseed stalks mainly relies on manual labor, because it is lack of mechanized harvesting equipment for rapeseed stalks,which seriously restricts the development of the rapeseed stalks production. In order to realizing mechanized harvesting for rapeseed stalks,,a row-following rapeseed stalks orderly harvester was designed. The machine was mainly composed of narrow track chassis, divider, single disc cutter, flexible conveying device and motors to realize the functions of cutting, clamping, conveying, collecting and laying stalks. The overall structure and working process of harvesting were expounded. The parameters of the rotational speed and installation position of disc cutter were designed based on the clamping cutting theory. According to the kinematics and mechanical analysis of rape stalk in the process of conveying, the speed of conveyor and clearance between the two conveyors were designed. Based on the force balance conditions of the rapeseed stalk during the laying process, the range of the inclination angle of the guide plate was determined. The rapeseed stalks orderly harvester was developed, and field experiments with the cutting damage rate and variation coefficient of laying angle as the evaluation indexes were carried out. The quadratic polynomial regression models between the evaluation indexes and factors were established, and the influence of each factor on the evaluation indexes were analyzed. The optimal model for evaluation indexes was obtained. The results showed that the comprehensive cutting effect and orderly laying effect was the best when the machine forward speed was 0.5m/s, the cutting blade speed was 910r/min, the conveying speed was 0.75m/s, and the inclination angle of the guide plate was 49°. The verification test showed that under the optimized parameter combination conditions, the cutting damage rate and variation coefficient of laying angle results were 4.95% and 9.55%, respectively, which met the requirements of rapeseed stalks orderly harvesting. The research result can provide reference for the design and parameters optimization of rapeseed stalks orderly harvesting equipment.

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李海同,江濤,關(guān)卓懷,沐森林,吳崇友,張敏.對(duì)行式油菜薹有序收獲機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(11):92-101. LI Haitong, JIANG Tao, GUAN Zhuohuai, MU Senlin, WU Chongyou, ZHANG Min. Design and Experiment of Row-following Rapeseed Stalks Orderly Harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(11):92-101.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-25
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-11-10
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