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基于多目標(biāo)綜合評(píng)價(jià)的滴灌蘋(píng)果水肥協(xié)同調(diào)控研究
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(52379039,、51909079)、河南省科技攻關(guān)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(182102310836)和河南科技大學(xué)青年骨干教師項(xiàng)目(13450001)


Cooperative Regulation of Water and Fertilizer in Drip Irrigation Apple Based on Multi-objective Comprehensive Evaluation
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    摘要:

    為探尋滴灌水肥一體化條件下北方半干旱地區(qū)蘋(píng)果樹(shù)種植的最佳水肥協(xié)同調(diào)控制度,,設(shè)置灌水與施肥2個(gè)試驗(yàn)因素,,滴灌灌水量設(shè)4個(gè)水平,根據(jù)田間持水率θf(wàn)的不同百分比確定灌水下上限:75%θf(wàn)~90%θf(wàn)(W1),、65%θf(wàn)~80%θf(wàn)(W2),、55%θf(wàn)~70%θf(wàn)(W3)、45%θf(wàn)~60%θf(wàn)(W4),;滴灌施肥量設(shè)3個(gè)水平,,N、P2O5,、K2O與風(fēng)干土質(zhì)量比分別為:0.9,、0.3、0.3g/kg(F1),;0.6,、0.3、0.3g/kg(F2),;0.3,、0.3、0.3g/kg(F3),,分析滴灌施肥協(xié)同調(diào)控對(duì)蘋(píng)果樹(shù)生長(zhǎng)生理指標(biāo),、生物質(zhì)量與產(chǎn)量、果實(shí)品質(zhì)以及水肥利用效率的影響,,最終基于TOPSIS法建立以高效,、高產(chǎn)、高品為目標(biāo)的蘋(píng)果綜合指標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià)模型,。結(jié)果表明,,滴灌施肥協(xié)同調(diào)控下蘋(píng)果樹(shù)植株生長(zhǎng)量、基莖生長(zhǎng)量和葉面積最大值均出現(xiàn)在F1W2處理,,蘋(píng)果樹(shù)凈光合速率,、蒸騰速率和葉綠素含量基本上隨灌水量和施肥量的增加而增加,,最大值均出現(xiàn)在F1W1處理,全生育期干物質(zhì)量和產(chǎn)量在F1W1和F1W2處理下差異不明顯,,水分利用效率和水分生產(chǎn)率最大值均出現(xiàn)在F1W2處理,,與F1W1處理相比,分別提高10.6%和11.1%,,肥料偏生產(chǎn)力基本上隨灌水量的增加和施肥量的減少而增加,,增加灌水量有利于提高蘋(píng)果著色指數(shù)、果形指數(shù)和糖酸比,,增加施肥量有利于提高蘋(píng)果單果質(zhì)量,、維生素C含量和可溶性糖含量。綜合4類(lèi)17個(gè)指標(biāo)建立TOPSIS多目標(biāo)綜合評(píng)價(jià)模型,,代入各指標(biāo)最終權(quán)重計(jì)算得出F1W2處理貼近度最大,,為0.7653,此處理?xiàng)l件下蘋(píng)果綜合指標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià)最優(yōu),,而F3W4處理最差,,僅為0.2583。綜上,,本試驗(yàn)水肥協(xié)同調(diào)控下灌水量下上限控制在田間持水率的65%~80%,,施N、P2O5,、K2O與風(fēng)干土質(zhì)量比分別為0.9,、0.3、0.3g/kg是蘋(píng)果樹(shù)的最佳水肥管理制度,。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the best water-fertilizer cooperative control system for apple tree planting in semi-arid northern China under the condition of integrated drip irrigation and fertilization, two experimental factors (irrigation and fertilization) were set, among which irrigation was 75%θf(wàn)~90%θf(wàn) (W1), 65%θf(wàn)~80%θf(wàn) (W2), 55%θf(wàn)~70%θf(wàn)(W3) and 45%θf(wàn)~60%θf(wàn)(W4) of field water capacity, respectively, and fertilization mass ratio of N, P2O5, K2O to air-dried soil was 0.9g/kg, 0.3g/kg,0.3g/kg (F1), 0.6g/kg, 0.3g/kg, 0.3g/kg (F2), and 0.3g/kg, 0.3g/kg, 0.3g/kg (F3), respectively. The effects of cooperative regulation of drip irrigation and fertilization on the growth physiological indexes, dry matter quality and yield, fruit quality and water and fertilizer use efficiency of apple trees were analyzed. Finally, an apple comprehensive index evaluation model aiming at high efficiency, yield and fruit quality was established based on TOPSIS method. The results showed that under the cooperative control of drip irrigation and fertilization, the maximum values of apple tree growth, basal stem growth and leaf area appeared in F1W2 treatment. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and chlorophyll content of apple tree were basically increased with the increase of irrigation amount and fertilizer application rate, and the maximum values appeared in F1W1 treatment. There was no significant difference between F1W1 and F1W2 in dry matter quality and yield during the whole growth period, and the maximum value of water use efficiency and water productivity appeared in F1W2 treatment, which was increased by 10.6% and 11.1% compared with that of F1W1 treatment, respectively. Fertilizer partial productivity was basically increased with irrigation increasing and fertilizer decreasing. Increasing irrigation amount was beneficial to increase apple color index, fruit shape index and sugar-acid ratio, and increasing fertilizer amount was beneficial to increase apple fruit quality, vitamin C content and soluble sugar content. The TOPSIS multi-objective comprehensive evaluation model was established by synthesizing 17 indexes of four categories, and the final weight value of each index was taken into the calculation. It was concluded that the closest degree of F1W2 treatment was 0.7653, and the comprehensive index evaluation of apple was the best under this treatment, while that of F3W4 treatment was only 0.2583. In conclusion, F1W2 treatment under the cooperative control of drip irrigation and fertilization was the best water and fertilizer management system for apple trees.

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周罕覓,孫旗立,張碩,王升升,秦龍,李心平.基于多目標(biāo)綜合評(píng)價(jià)的滴灌蘋(píng)果水肥協(xié)同調(diào)控研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(11):335-346. ZHOU Hanmi, SUN Qili, ZHANG Shuo, WANG Shengsheng, QIN Long, LI Xinping. Cooperative Regulation of Water and Fertilizer in Drip Irrigation Apple Based on Multi-objective Comprehensive Evaluation[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(11):335-346.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-22
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-11-10
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