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湟水流域綠水管理模擬與水-沙-質(zhì)協(xié)同調(diào)控效果評(píng)價(jià)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2022YFD1900501)和國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(42271306)


Simulation of Green Water Management and Effect Evaluation of Water-Sediment-Quality Coordination Regulation in Huangshui Basin
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    摘要:

    在黃河流域生態(tài)保護(hù)和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略背景下,,流域上游實(shí)施綠水管理對(duì)于涵養(yǎng)水源,、保護(hù)脆弱生態(tài),,以及緩解流域缺水形勢(shì)具有重要意義,。選取黃河流域上游的湟水流域構(gòu)建SWAT水文模型,模擬等高耕作,、殘茬覆蓋,、石線、梯田和15°以上坡地退耕還林等5種綠水管理措施,,分析水量,、水沙和水質(zhì)的變化;結(jié)合水-沙-質(zhì)管理協(xié)同水平,,探究不同措施的效果與適用性,。結(jié)果表明,15°以上坡地退耕還林在增加產(chǎn)水量和地下水補(bǔ)給方面效果最優(yōu),,分別為1.77×107m3和1.72×107m3,;等高耕作和石線能有效調(diào)節(jié)年內(nèi)徑流分配、削減汛期徑流量,。5種措施均能削減產(chǎn)沙負(fù)荷,,其中梯田和石線的效果較顯著,,削減率分別為13.5%和13.0%。5種措施均能減少總氮(TN)和總磷(TP)負(fù)荷量,,且干旱年削減率高于濕潤(rùn)年,;梯田和等高耕作削減效果較好,削減率分別為24.6%,、14.7%(TN)和45.3%,、21.9%(TP)。通過(guò)水-沙-質(zhì)管理協(xié)同分析,,除殘茬覆蓋為高等耦合外,,其他4種情景下均能達(dá)到優(yōu)等耦合;耦合協(xié)調(diào)度由大到小依次為梯田,、15°以上坡地退耕還林,、石線、等高耕作,、殘茬覆蓋,。研究結(jié)果可為黃河流域綠水管理措施選取和水資源優(yōu)化配置提供參考。

    Abstract:

    In the context of ecological protection and high-quality development strategy in the Yellow River Basin, green water management in the upper reaches of the basin is of great significance for conserving water sources, protecting fragile ecology and alleviating water shortage in the basin. There are many measures for green water management, and their effect needs to be further studied. An SWAT hydrological model was constructed in Huangshui Basin in the upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin. Five green water management measures, including contour tillage, residue mulching, stone line, terraced field and farmland conversion to forest on slops above 15° were simulated, and the changes of water quantity, sediment and water quality were analyzed. Combined with the coordination level of water, sand and quality management, the effects and applicability of different measures were explored. The results showed that farmland conversion to forest on slops above 15° had the best effect on increasing water yield and groundwater recharge, which were 1.77×107m3 and 1.72×107m3, respectively. Contour tillage and stone line can effectively regulate annual runoff distribution and reduce runoff in flood season. All the five measures can reduce the sediment yield load, among which terrace and stone line had the most significant effect, and the reduction rate was 13.5% and 13.0% respectively. All the five measures can reduce the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) load, and the reduction rate in dry years was higher than that in wet years. The reduction effect of terraced and contour tillage was better, which was 24.6% and 14.7% for TN and 45.3% and 21.9% for TP, respectively. Through the water-sand-quality management collaborative analysis, excellent coupling can be achieved in the other four scenarios except for the residue mulching which was high coupling. The order of coupling coordination degree was terraced field, farmland conversion to forest on slopes above 15°, stone line, contour planting, residue mulching. The results can provide reference for green water management measures and optimal allocation of water resources in the Yellow River Basin.

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王玉寶,白雅文,劉榮,張文.湟水流域綠水管理模擬與水-沙-質(zhì)協(xié)同調(diào)控效果評(píng)價(jià)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(11):347-358. WANG Yubao, BAI Yawen, LIU Rong, ZHANG Wen. Simulation of Green Water Management and Effect Evaluation of Water-Sediment-Quality Coordination Regulation in Huangshui Basin[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(11):347-358.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-04
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-11-10
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