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秸稈粉碎集中全量深埋還田機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2021YFD1500500-3),、河北省農(nóng)林科學(xué)院科技創(chuàng)新專項(xiàng)(2022KJCXZX-NJS-3)和河北省重大科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化專項(xiàng)(19057316Z)


Design and Experiment of Straw Chopping Centralized Full Depth and Returning Machine
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)我國(guó)玉米秸稈量大,生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用的還田機(jī)具還田深度淺,,存在影響后續(xù)播種,、出苗質(zhì)量、病蟲害發(fā)生率高和深層土壤“碳饑餓”等問(wèn)題,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種秸稈粉碎集中全量深埋還田機(jī),,可一次完成秸稈撿拾,、粉碎、輸送,、深松開溝,、集中遁注掩埋和碎土鎮(zhèn)壓等作業(yè),在有效減少土壤擾動(dòng)下能夠?qū)⒍嘈姓玖⒒蚍鬯楹蠼斩捈新袢氲乇硐乱粭l深380~400mm的溝內(nèi),。闡述了秸稈粉碎集中全量深埋還田機(jī)整機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理,,對(duì)秸稈螺旋輸送裝置、拋壓風(fēng)機(jī),、深松開溝遁注裝置和傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)等關(guān)鍵部件進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算,初步確定了螺旋輸送裝置與拋壓風(fēng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速,、風(fēng)機(jī)出料口尺寸和遁注體截面形狀參數(shù),并對(duì)拋壓風(fēng)機(jī)與遁注體腔體內(nèi)部進(jìn)行了流場(chǎng)模擬分析與驗(yàn)證,。按照設(shè)計(jì)要求對(duì)秸稈粉碎集中全量深埋還田機(jī)進(jìn)行了試制,并進(jìn)行了機(jī)具性能與大田定位試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明:在作業(yè)速度3km/h時(shí),,秸稈撿拾率為90.8%,,開溝深度與秸稈掩埋深度均值分別為394mm與200mm,開溝深度與秸稈掩埋深度穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)分別為97.4%和92.5%,各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)與設(shè)計(jì)值相符,,且滿足農(nóng)藝要求,。同時(shí)大田定位試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,秸稈集中深還田與傳統(tǒng)還田相比,,0~200cm土壤貯水量提高29mm,,20~40cm土層有機(jī)碳、全氮和速效磷養(yǎng)分含量分別增加7.14g/kg,、0.59g/kg、1.53mg/kg,,有效增加了土壤養(yǎng)分含量,提高了深層土壤肥力與貯水能力,。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the problems of large quantity of corn stover and insufficient depth of returning machine and tools used in production in China, which affected subsequent sowing, emergence quality, high incidence of diseases and insect pests, and “carbon hunger” in deep soil, a kind of straw crushing centralized and full deep returning machine was designed. The machine can complete the operations of picking up, crushing, conveying, deep loosening of trenches, centralized escape and injection burying and crushing of crushed soil at one time. Under the effective reduction of soil disturbance, multiple rows of standing or crushed straw can be buried in a trench with depth of 380~400mm below the surface. The overall structure and working principle of the straw crushing and centralized full quantity deep return machine were described, and key components such as the straw screw conveyor, the straw discharge fan, the deep loosening and trenching device, and the transmission device were designed and calculated. The rotational speed of the screw conveyor and the straw discharge fan, the size of the discharge port of the straw discharge fan, and the cross-sectional shape parameters of the injection device were preliminarily determined. The flow field inside the straw exhaust fan and the injection chamber was simulated, analyzed and verified. According to the design requirements, the straw chopping centralized full depth return machine was trial-manufactured, and the machine performance and field positioning test were carried out. The results showed that at operation speed of 3km/h, the straw stalk collecting rate was 90.8%, trenching depth and average straw buried depth was 394mm and 200mm,respectively, trenching depth and straw burying depth stability coefficient were 97.4% and 92.5%, respectively, the indicators were in conformity with design value, and satisfied the agricultural requirements. At the same time, the results of field positioning test showed that compared with traditional field, the water storage of 0~200cm soil was increased by 29mm, and the contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus in 20~40cm soil layer was increased by 7.14g/kg, 0.59g/kg and 1.53mg/kg, respectively. The soil nutrient content and soil fertility and water storage capacity were increased effectively. The method results can provide a scheme and technical reference for the promotion of the technical model of centralized deep returning of straw to the field.

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袁興茂,李霄鶴,焦海濤,周順利,張俊杰,吳海巖.秸稈粉碎集中全量深埋還田機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(s1):27-35. YUAN Xingmao, LI Xiaohe, JIAO Haitao, ZHOU Shunli, ZHANG Junjie, WU Haiyan. Design and Experiment of Straw Chopping Centralized Full Depth and Returning Machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(s1):27-35.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-12-10
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