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基于壓電效應(yīng)的果實(shí)采收超聲切割機(jī)理分析
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國家自然科學(xué)基金聯(lián)合基金重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目(U2243235)


Mechanism Analysis of Ultrasonic Cutting for Fruit Harvesting Based on Piezoelectric Effect
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    摘要:

    主流果蔬采收末端執(zhí)行器根據(jù)采收的果蔬品種和果梗木制纖維材質(zhì)的不同,,結(jié)構(gòu)差異較大,均存在占據(jù)空間大,、結(jié)構(gòu)笨重,、易碰撞果實(shí)和易造成損傷等問題,不利于果梗切割,,因此研究一種結(jié)構(gòu)靈活,、占據(jù)空間小、切割省力的適用于不同果梗木制纖維的超聲切割刀應(yīng)用于果蔬采收末端執(zhí)行器非常重要,。本研究采用理論-有限元-試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的方式對超聲切割刀切割果梗的機(jī)理進(jìn)行分析,。首先建立了超聲刀具切割果梗的物理場模型,通過對切割過程進(jìn)行時空分析,,建立了其位移,、速度、加速度等數(shù)學(xué)模型,,分析了切割過程的時空不連續(xù)性,,基于斷裂力學(xué)對果梗切割機(jī)理進(jìn)行研究并繪制Matlab響應(yīng)面圖,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)超聲切割所需要的力小于常規(guī)切割,。利用有限元分析軟件,,對超聲刀具進(jìn)行了模態(tài)分析和諧響應(yīng)分析,得到了刀具在不同頻率下的振動模態(tài)和利于切割的最佳頻率,。最后,,利用自制試驗(yàn)臺采用不同切割速度分別對不同直徑的橘子和橙子果梗進(jìn)行了超聲切割試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:切割速度和激振頻率與采收切斷力有關(guān),,在高頻和低頻振動下,,隨著果梗直徑增加,切割時間變化在0.4s內(nèi),,切割效率穩(wěn)定,;試驗(yàn)中超聲切割的最大切斷力遠(yuǎn)小于常規(guī)切割,且小于1N,,超聲切割可以很有效地降低切斷力,,減小切割時的沖擊作用,相對于常規(guī)切割切斷能力更強(qiáng),,適合將其應(yīng)用到采收末端執(zhí)行器,,從而獲得更高的采收效率。

    Abstract:

    Mainstream fruit and vegetable harvesting end-effectors differ greatly in structure according to the varieties of fruits and vegetables harvested and the wood fiber materials of fruit stems, and all of them have the problems of large space occupation, heavy structure, easy collision with fruits and easy damage, which is not conducive to cutting fruit stems. Therefore, it is very important to study an ultrasonic cutting knife with flexible structure, small space occupation and labor saving for cutting different wood fibers of fruit and vegetable harvesting end-effectors. The theory-finite element-experiment method was used to analyze the mechanism of cutting fruit stalks with ultrasonic cutter. Firstly, the physical field model of cutting fruit stalks by ultrasonic tool was established. Through the time-space analysis of the cutting process, the mathematical models of displacement, speed and acceleration were established, and the time-space discontinuity of the cutting process was analyzed. Based on the fracture mechanics, the cutting mechanism of fruit stalks was studied and the Matlab response surface diagram was drawn. It can be found that the force required for ultrasonic cutting was less than that for conventional cutting. Using finite element analysis software, the modal analysis and harmonic response analysis of ultrasonic tool were carried out, and the vibration modes of the tool at different frequencies and the optimal frequency for cutting were obtained. Finally, the ultrasonic cutting experiments of tangrine and orange stalks with different diameters were carried out by using a selfmade test bench at different cutting speeds. The experimental results showed that the cutting speed and vibration frequency were related to the cutting force. Under the high-frequency and low-frequency vibration, with the increase of fruit stem diameter, the cutting time was changed within 0.4s, and the cutting efficiency was stable. In the experiment, the maximum cutting force of ultrasonic cuttingwas much less than that of conventional cutting, which was less than 1N. Ultrasonic cutting can effectively reduce the cutting force and reduce the impact during cutting. Compared with conventional cutting, ultrasonic cutting had stronger cutting ability, and it was suitable to be applied to the end-effector of harvesting, thus achieving higher recovery efficiency.

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辛迪,黨柯華,鄧家鋒,閆云才,牛子杰.基于壓電效應(yīng)的果實(shí)采收超聲切割機(jī)理分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(s2):91-100. XIN Di, DANG Kehua, DENG Jiafeng, YAN Yuncai, NIU Zijie. Mechanism Analysis of Ultrasonic Cutting for Fruit Harvesting Based on Piezoelectric Effect[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(s2):91-100.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-16
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-08-18
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