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正負氣壓組合滾輪式油菜精密排種器設計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2021YFD2000403),、國家自然科學基金項目(51975238)、湖南省智能農機裝備創(chuàng)新研發(fā)項目(HN202308)和國家油菜產業(yè)技術體系專項(CARS-12)


Design and Test of Positive and Negative Pressure Combination Roller Type Precision Seed-metering Device for Rapeseed
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    摘要:

    針對油菜種子粒徑小,、質量輕,單粒排種難度較大的問題,,設計了一種正負氣壓組合滾輪式精密排種器,。闡明了排種器工作原理,開展排種器吸種,、攜種和卸種環(huán)節(jié)受力分析和排種滾輪對種群拖帶過程解析,;提出了通過控制充種區(qū)種層高度和種群壓力的防拖帶堆積機理,設計了一種側向充種,、拖帶種子自由回落的充種室結構,,利用離散元仿真研究了充種種層高度和充種室結構對排種器充種區(qū)內充種性能的影響及對種群拖帶堆積的解決情況;仿真結果表明,,排種器內種子隨著充種種層高度的增大,,種群平均動能均值逐漸增大,對種群平均擾動能力逐漸增強,;在充種種層高度50mm條件下,,設計的防拖帶堆積充種室降低了充種區(qū)域底部種群所受的壓力,未出現(xiàn)種群拖帶堆積現(xiàn)象,,且保持了對充種區(qū)域種群的擾動作用,。在JPS-12型排種器檢測試驗臺上進行了排種器性能試驗,結果表明,,當排種轉速為15~30r/min,、吸種負壓為1.0~1.2kPa時,排種器合格指數均保持在90%以上;設計裝配正負氣壓組合滾輪式精密排種器的播種機開展播種試驗,,田間實測出苗后株距穩(wěn)定性變異系數為4.4%,,各行苗數一致性變異系數為8.14%;研究結果表明設計的排種器滿足精密播種要求,。

    Abstract:

    Considering at the problem of small particle size and light quality of rapeseed, which makes it difficult to displace individual seeds, a positive and negative pressure combination roller type precision seed-metering device was designed. The working principle of the seed-metering device was clarified, and the force analysis of the seed absorbing, seed carrying and seed discharging links of the seed-metering device was carried out, as well as the analysis of the dragging process of the seed discharging roller on the seed population. The mechanism of preventing dragging accumulation by controlling the height of the seed layer in the seed filling area and the pressure of the seed population was proposed, and a seed filling chamber structure with lateral seed filling and free fall of the dragging seed was designed. The influence of the height of the seed layer and the structure of the seed filling chamber on the performance of the seed filling in the seed filling area of the seed-metering device and the solution of the dragging accumulation of the seed population were investigated by using the discrete element simulation. The simulation results showed that the average kinetic energy of the seed population inside the seed dispenser was increased with the increase of the filling seed layer height, and the average disturbance capacity of the seed population was gradually increased. Under the condition of 50mm seed filling layer height, the designed anti-drag strip accumulation seed filling chamber reduced the pressure on the seed population at the bottom of the seed filling area, and the phenomenon of population drag strip accumulation did not occur, and the disturbing effect on the seed population in the seed filling area was maintained. Seed metering tests were conducted on the JPS-12 seed-metering device inspection test bench, the test results showed that in the roller speed at 15~30r/min, suction seed negative pressure in the range of 1.0~1.2kPa seed-metering device qualified index could reach more than 90%. The results of the field test showed that the coefficient of variation of plant spacing stability was 4.4% and the coefficient of variation of seedling number consistency in each row was 8.14% in the actual field operation of the planter equipped with positive and negative pneumatic pressure combination roller-type small-size seed single-seed precision planter, which met the requirements of precision sowing.

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廖宜濤,劉嘉誠,廖慶喜,鄭娟,李甜,蔣杉.正負氣壓組合滾輪式油菜精密排種器設計與試驗[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2024,55(5):63-76. LIAO Yitao, LIU Jiacheng, LIAO Qingxi, ZHENG Juan, LI Tian, JIANG Shan. Design and Test of Positive and Negative Pressure Combination Roller Type Precision Seed-metering Device for Rapeseed[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(5):63-76.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-25
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-03-15
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