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直注式秸稈撿拾粉碎深埋機設計與試驗
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財政部和農業(yè)農村部:國家現代農業(yè)產業(yè)技術體系項目(CARS-03)和中央高?;究蒲袠I(yè)務費專項資金項目(15053349)


Design and Experiment of Direct-injection Straw Picking and Crushing Deep Burying Machine
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    摘要:

    為提升秸稈深埋質量,,針對秸稈深埋過程中秸稈撿拾效果差、輸送方式單一,、輸送效率低,、深埋率低等問題,提出一種直注式秸稈深埋還田方法,,設計了直注式秸稈撿拾粉碎深埋機,,闡述了整機結構和工作原理。對關鍵部件進行了設計分析,,設計了無護圈式撿拾裝置,,分析了撿拾裝置各個運動階段與彈齒的運動軌跡,確定了4個運動階段所對應的相位角,;設計了以運秸螺旋輸送器和運秸葉片為主的機械輸送裝置,、以拋秸風葉和運秸導管為主的氣力輸送裝置,。對秸稈輸送量進行分析,明確了運秸螺旋輸送器結構參數,,得出了運秸螺旋輸送器最低轉速,;對運秸葉片和拋秸風葉進行了動力學分析,確定了運秸葉片和拋秸風葉結構,,明晰了影響秸稈輸送效果的關鍵因素為機具前進速度,、運秸螺旋輸送器轉速、拋秸風葉轉速,、運秸葉片傾角和拋秸風葉傾角,,并確定了影響因素范圍。仿真試驗結果表明,,機具前進速度和運秸螺旋輸送器轉速存在交互作用,,最佳作業(yè)參數:機具前進速度為3km/h、運秸螺旋輸送器轉速為1200r/min和拋秸風葉轉速為1600r/min,。田間試驗結果表明,,平均秸稈撿拾率和平均深埋率分別為91.02%,90.03%,;運秸導管出口處風速和作業(yè)扭矩分別為1.78~26.83m/s,、61.55~214.78N·m,各工作部件運行穩(wěn)定,,滿足秸稈深埋還田作業(yè)要求,,為秸稈深埋還田機研發(fā)和改進提供了依據。

    Abstract:

    In order to improve the quality of straw deep burial, a direct-injection straw deep burial method was proposed to address the problems of poor straw picking effect, single conveying method, low conveying efficiency, and low deep burial rate during the straw deep burial process. A direct injection straw picking, crushing, and deep burial machine was designed, and the overall structure and working principle were explained. Design and analysis were conducted on key components, and a nonprotective ring-type pickup device was designed. The movement stages of the pickup device and the trajectory of the tines were analyzed, and the phase angles corresponding to the four-movement stages were determined. A mechanical-conveying device consisted of straw conveying screws and blades, and a pneumatic conveying device mainly consisted of straw ejection fan blades and straw conveying ducts. The straw conveying capacity was analyzed, the straw conveying screw’s structural parameters were determined, and the straw conveying screw’s minimum speed was obtained. An analysis of straw conveying blades, straw ejection fan blades, and straw conveying ducts clarified that the key factors affecting straw transport effectiveness were machine forward speed, straw conveying screw rotational speed, straw ejection fan blades rotational speed, angle of straw conveying blades, and angle of straw ejection fan blades. The simulation experiment results showed an interaction between the machine’s forward speed and the rotational speed of the straw conveying screw. The optimal operating parameters were machine forward speed of 3km/h, straw conveying screw rotational speed of 1200r/min, and straw ejection fan blades rotational speed of 1600r/min. Field experiments were conducted on a direct injection straw picking and crushing deep burying machine. The results showed that the average straw picking rate and average deep burying rate were 91.02% and 90.03%, respectively. The range of wind speed and operating torque at the outlet of the straw conveying duct was 1.78~26.83m/s and 61.55~214.78N·m, respectively. All working components operated well, and the operating quality was stable. The experimental results met the design requirements and can achieve the operation of straw-deep burial and returning to the field, providing a basis for developing and improving straw-deep burial and returning machines.

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仝振偉,李洪文,盧彩云,王超,仲廣遠,林涵.直注式秸稈撿拾粉碎深埋機設計與試驗[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2024,55(7):83-95. TONG Zhenwei, LI Hongwen, LU Caiyun, WANG Chao, ZHONG Guangyuan, LIN Han. Design and Experiment of Direct-injection Straw Picking and Crushing Deep Burying Machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(7):83-95.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-15
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-07-10
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