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基于離散元的肥料流重構(gòu)玉米分層施肥裝置設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2023YFD1701000),、國家農(nóng)業(yè)重大科技項目(20221805)和財政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項目(CARS-02)


Design and Experiment of Corn Layer Fertilization Device with Fertilizer Flow Reconstruction Based on Discrete Element Method
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    摘要:

    為了提高玉米分層施肥的比例分肥精度以及肥層間覆土的穩(wěn)定性,設(shè)計了一種肥料流重構(gòu)的分層施肥裝置,,利用離散元法確定了圓弧散肥板半徑的最佳值為20 mm,,并進(jìn)行了肥料流重構(gòu)與未重構(gòu)的對比試驗,試驗結(jié)果表明:經(jīng)過肥料流重構(gòu)后的作業(yè)效果較優(yōu),,且對7∶3和8∶2兩種比例分肥有較好的穩(wěn)定性,。通過對分層施肥開溝運(yùn)動學(xué)分析,確定開溝器入土角,、淺層肥口的橫向距離和機(jī)具作業(yè)速度為分層施肥效果的影響因素,,建立了各因素與深、淺層肥深度變異系數(shù)的回歸模型,,并采用響應(yīng)面法分析了各因素交互作用對試驗指標(biāo)的影響,運(yùn)用多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化設(shè)計方法獲得分層施肥裝置的最佳作業(yè)參數(shù):入土角為39°,、橫向距離為174 mm,、作業(yè)速度為4.3 km/h,,根據(jù)優(yōu)化結(jié)果加工分層施肥裝置并進(jìn)行田間試驗,試驗結(jié)果表明:深層肥深度變異系數(shù)為4.78%,,淺層肥深度變異系數(shù)為6.41%,,分層施肥作業(yè)穩(wěn)定性可靠。

    Abstract:

    To enhance the accuracy of proportional fertilizer distribution for corn layered fertilization and the stability of soil coverage between layers, a layered fertilizer flow reconstruction apparatus was developed. The optimal diameter of the circular bulk fertilizer disc was determined to be 20 mm by using the discrete element method. Subsequently, a comparative test was carried out between fertilizer flow reconstruction and non-reconstruction. The results demonstrated that after fertilizer flow reconstruction, the operational efficiency was improved, and the stability of both 7∶3 and 8∶2 ratio fertilizers was enhanced. By conducting kinematic analysis of ditching for layered fertilization, it was established that the trencher’s angle, the lateral distance of the shallow fertilizer opening, and the machine’s operating speed were key factors influencing the efficacy of layered fertilization. A regression model was formulated to correlate the variation coefficient of each factor with the depth of deep and shallow fertilizers. The impact of the interaction of each factor on the test index was then analyzed by using the response surface method. By using the multi-objective optimization design method, the optimum operation parameter insertion angle of the layered fertilizer applicator was 39°, the transverse spacing was 174 mm, and the operation speed was 4.3 km/h. Based on the optimized parameters, the layered fertilization device was manufactured, and field tests were conducted. The results revealed that the variation coefficient of deep fertilizer depth was 4.78%, while that of shallow fertilizer was 6.41%. The stratified fertilization operation exhibited stability and reliability. The research result can offer a theoretical and methodological foundation for the design of layered fertilization devices.

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王守江,顏丙新,李立偉,董建軍,武廣偉.基于離散元的肥料流重構(gòu)玉米分層施肥裝置設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2024,55(9):138-150,,184. WANG Shoujiang, YAN Bingxin, LI Liwei, DONG Jianjun, WU Guangwei. Design and Experiment of Corn Layer Fertilization Device with Fertilizer Flow Reconstruction Based on Discrete Element Method[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(9):138-150,,184.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-27
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-09-10
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