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水稻聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)主動(dòng)離心式秸稈拋撒裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2023YFD1500602-03)


Design and Experiment of Active Centrifugal Rice Straw Spreading Device
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)東北黑土稻區(qū)水稻種植密度大、秸稈量多,,導(dǎo)致還田過程中秸稈拋撒不均勻影響后續(xù)整地和插秧的問題,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種水稻聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)主動(dòng)離心式秸稈拋撒裝置。通過建立導(dǎo)流板導(dǎo)稈落盤,、拋撒盤離心拋稈,、秸稈空中拋離3個(gè)過程運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)模型并進(jìn)行理論分析,對(duì)導(dǎo)流單元,、離心拋撒單元等關(guān)鍵部件進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),。運(yùn)用 EDEM 離散元軟件進(jìn)行單因素仿真試驗(yàn),明確拋撒盤轉(zhuǎn)速,、扇葉偏角,、導(dǎo)流板傾角和還田速率對(duì)拋撒橫向均勻性變異系數(shù)的影響規(guī)律。以橫向均勻性變異系數(shù)和拋撒幅寬為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo),,利用主動(dòng)離心式拋撒試驗(yàn)臺(tái)進(jìn)行 Box-Behnken 參數(shù)優(yōu)化試驗(yàn),,并對(duì)優(yōu)化結(jié)果進(jìn)行田間驗(yàn)證與對(duì)比。驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,當(dāng)拋撒盤轉(zhuǎn)速為255 r/min,、拋撒扇葉偏角為 7°,、導(dǎo)流板傾角為35°、還田速率為3.5 kg/s 時(shí),,拋撒橫向均勻性變異系數(shù)為17.34%,,拋撒幅寬為4.58 m,與預(yù)測(cè)值誤差小于5%,,滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求,。通過與水稻聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)原裝的導(dǎo)流式秸稈拋撒裝置進(jìn)行性能對(duì)比試驗(yàn),得出設(shè)計(jì)的主動(dòng)離心式秸稈拋撒裝置拋撒效果更優(yōu),。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problem of high density of rice planting and large amount of straw in the black soil rice area of Northeast China, the uneven straw spreading during the return process affects the subsequent soil preparation and rice transplanting. An active centrifugal rice straw spreading device installed on a combined harvester was designed. By establishing the kinematic model and theoretical analysis of the three processes of deflector guide straw dropping plate, the spreading plate centrifugal spreading straw, and straw spreading in the air, the key components such as the deflector unit and the centrifugal spreading unit were designed. EDEM discrete element was used to conduct a single-factor simulation test to clarify the influence of speed of spreading disc, the declination angle of fan blade, inclination angle of deflector and returning rate on the variation coefficient of lateral uniformity of the spreading, and further narrow down the range of paraments. Taking the variation coefficient of lateral uniformity and the spreading width as the test indicators, the Box-Behnken parameter optimization and verification test was carried out by using the active centrifugal spreading test bench, and the optimization results were verified in the field. At the same time, the results were compared with a guide straw spreading device. The bench test results showed that the variation coefficient of the lateral uniformity of the spreading was 16.98%, the spreading width was 4.56 m when the speed of the spreading disc was 255 r/min, the deflection angle of the spreading fan blade was 7°, the inclination angle of the deflector was 35°, and the straw returning rate was 3.5 kg/s. The error with the predicted value was less than5%, meeting the design requirements. Through the performance comparison experiment with the original diversion straw spreading device of a combined harvester, the variation coefficient of lateral uniformity was reduced by 16.74 %, and the spreading width was increased by 0.42 m, which concluds that the active centrifugal rice straw spreading device developed had better spreading effect.

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劉迪,王曉燕,李洪文,何進(jìn),王慶杰,盧彩云.水稻聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)主動(dòng)離心式秸稈拋撒裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2024,55(s1):81-91. LIU Di, WANG Xiaoyan, LI Hongwen, HE Jin, WANG Qingjie, LU Caiyun. Design and Experiment of Active Centrifugal Rice Straw Spreading Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(s1):81-91.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-12-10
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