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小麥寬苗帶氣吸式精量排種器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2021YFD2000403),、國家油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系專項(xiàng)(CARS-12)和湖北省農(nóng)機(jī)裝備攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目(HBSNY202207)


Design and Test of Precision Seed Metering Device for Wheat Wide Seedling Belt with Air Suction
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)小麥寬苗帶播種主要以傳統(tǒng)外槽輪排種器搭配導(dǎo)種管末端勻種裝置為主,存在種流無序,、排量不穩(wěn)定,、供種脈沖,影響播種質(zhì)量,,基于拖帶擾動(dòng)充種,、負(fù)壓吸種和種子自重投種原理,設(shè)計(jì)一種氣力錐盤式小麥寬苗帶精量排種器,。構(gòu)建了錐形排種盤作用下小麥種子充種,、攜種和投種過程的力學(xué)模型,明確種子在充種和攜種過程所需的臨界負(fù)壓與排種盤 錐度,、種子質(zhì)量,、三軸尺寸、型孔尺寸,、工作轉(zhuǎn)速和型孔分度圓直徑有關(guān),。利用 EDEM 仿真對(duì)比分析錐形排種盤不同錐度對(duì)小麥種群離散度影響程度,探究了帶動(dòng)層,、靜止層和拖帶層種群中種子運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律,,結(jié)果表明當(dāng)排種盤錐度為45°時(shí),可兼顧種群擾動(dòng)性好和被吸附種子運(yùn)移阻力小的優(yōu)勢(shì),。Fluent 仿真分析錐盤不同型孔類型的表面流速變化規(guī)律,。以各行排量 一致性變異系數(shù)、總排量穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù),、排種均勻性變異系數(shù)為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),,開展排種器結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和工作參數(shù)對(duì)排種性能 的影響試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,直徑1.8 mm 的垂直狀型孔各項(xiàng)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)優(yōu)于傾斜狀型孔;播種量隨吸種負(fù)壓和工作轉(zhuǎn)速的增大呈線性增大趨勢(shì),,當(dāng)工作轉(zhuǎn)速為30~40 r/min,、吸種負(fù)壓為5.2~5.6 kPa 時(shí),播種量可達(dá)220~290 g/min;最佳工作參數(shù)組合 為工作轉(zhuǎn)速30 r/min,、吸種負(fù)壓5.4 kPa,,各試驗(yàn)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)分別為1.93%、1.26%,、9.52%;田間對(duì)比試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明氣力錐盤 式排種器寬苗帶播種時(shí)較外槽輪排種器寬苗帶播種均勻性提升,,苗帶內(nèi)播種均勻性變異系數(shù)分別為11.77%、22.51%,,滿足小麥精量播種要求,。

    Abstract:

    Existing wheat wide seedling belt seeding is mainly based on the traditional grooved wheel seed metering with the seed leveling device at the end of seed guide tube, there are problems of seed flow disorder, unstable displacement, and seed supply pulse, which affect sowing quality. A pneumatic cone-disc type precision seed metering device for wheat wide seed belt was designed based on the principles of negative pressure seed suction and self-weight seeding. A mechanical model of wheat seed filling was constructed under the action of a cone-disc, and the structural parameters of the main components of the cone disc seeding device were determined. Mechanical analysis showed that the critical negative pressure value required for seed filling and carrying was related to the taper of the seeding disk, seed mass, triaxial size, hole size, working speed and hole graduation circle diameter. EDEM simulation was used to comparatively analyze the impact of different tapers of the cone-disk on the dispersion of wheat populations, and analyze the movement patterns of seeds in the driving layer, stationary layer and drag layer populations. The results showed that when the taper of the seeding disk was 45 °, it can take into account the advantages of good population disturbance and low migration resistance of adsorbed seeds. For different types of holes in the cone disk, seeding performance tests were carried out by using the coefficient of variation of the consistency of the seeding amount in each row, the coefficient of variation of the stability of the total seeding amount, and the coefficient of variation of the seeding uniformity as evaluation indicators. The test results showed that the evaluation of vertical holes with a size of 1.8 mm was better than that of oval holes. The impact of the working parameters of the seed metering device such as seed suction negative pressure and working speed on the seeding performance was explored. The results showed that the seeding amount showed a linear increase trend with the increase of negative pressure and speed. The working speed was 30~40 r/min. When the pore adsorption negative pressure was 5.2~5.6 kPa, the seeding rate can reach 220~290 g/min. the best combination of working parameters was obtained by orthogonal test as working speed of 30 r/min, negative pressure of adsorption of 5.4 kPa, and the evaluation indexes of each test were 1.93%, 1.26% and 9.52%, respectively. Field comparison tests showed that the sowing uniformity of the wide seedling belt of the pneumatic cone-disc seed metering device was improved compared with the wide seedling belt of the outer grooved wheel seed metering device, and can meet the requirements for sowing small amounts of wheat concentrate.

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鄭娟,賴虹宇,李甜,李運(yùn)通,廖慶喜,廖宜濤.小麥寬苗帶氣吸式精量排種器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2024,55(s1):165-176,335. ZHENG Juan, LAI Hongyu, LI Tian, LI Yuntong, LIAO Qingxi, LIAO Yitao. Design and Test of Precision Seed Metering Device for Wheat Wide Seedling Belt with Air Suction[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(s1):165-176,,335.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-12-10
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