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蔬菜自動移栽機多葉片式鴨嘴栽植機構(gòu)設(shè)計與試驗
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無錫市科技發(fā)展資金項目(N20231004),、上海市科技興農(nóng)項目(滬農(nóng)科產(chǎn)字(2023)第2號)和鎮(zhèn)江市科技計劃項目(NY2022007)


Design and Experiment of Multi-blade Duck Bill Planting Mechanism for Automatic Vegetable Transpl anter
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    摘要:

    針對現(xiàn)有蔬菜移栽機栽植機構(gòu)作業(yè)時栽植器對土壤的擾動量大、回流量低,、穴口尺寸規(guī)則性差進而造成成穴效果差,、露苗率高、直立度低的問題,,基于鴨嘴形狀設(shè)計了一種多葉片式鴨嘴栽植機構(gòu),。闡述了整體結(jié)構(gòu)組成及工作原理,通過理論分析和建立運動數(shù)學(xué)模型,,對關(guān)鍵部件進行了結(jié)構(gòu)和工作參數(shù)的初步設(shè)計;對影響土壤成穴效果的因素進行分析,,以鴨嘴葉片數(shù)量、鴨嘴開合角度,、鴨嘴開合速度為試驗因素,,土壤擾動量、土壤回流量,、穴口尺寸規(guī)則性為成穴效果評價指標,,設(shè)計了三因素三水平正交組合試驗,運用 Design-Expert 軟件建立了評價指標的回歸數(shù)學(xué)模型,,對試驗結(jié)果進行了響 應(yīng)曲面對比分析,,比較了3種因素對評價指標影響的顯著性;通過對回歸模型進行多目標參數(shù)優(yōu)化,得到當鴨嘴葉片數(shù)量為4片,、鴨嘴開合角度為22°,、鴨嘴開合電機轉(zhuǎn)速為 70 r/min 時,土壤擾動量,、土壤回流量,、穴口尺寸規(guī)則性分別為 0.559、 0.788,、7.136 mm,,此時土壤成穴效果最優(yōu);根據(jù)最優(yōu)試驗結(jié)果對關(guān)鍵部件的設(shè)計參數(shù)進行了優(yōu)化和確定,,并開展了大田栽植作業(yè)試驗。試驗結(jié)果表明,,栽植作業(yè)試驗與耦合仿真試驗間評價指標平均誤差分別為2.2%,、2.3%、1.8%,,符合仿真試驗與實際試驗間誤差的要求;同時栽植作業(yè)后的露苗率和直立度合格率進行了評判,,露苗率為3.6%,直立度合格率為 96.7%,符合行業(yè)標準的要求,,驗證了多葉片鴨嘴栽植機構(gòu)設(shè)計和理論分析的正確性,。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the problems caused by large soil disturbance, low return flow, poor hole size regularity, poor hole forming effect, high dew rate and low upright degree, a multi-leaf duck bill planting mechanism was designed based on duck bill shape. The composition and working principle of the whole structure were described, and the structure and working parameters of the key components were preliminarily designed through theoretical analysis and the establishment of the mathematical model of motion. The factors affecting the soil cavitation effect were analyzed. With the number of duckbill leaves, the opening and closing angle of duckbill, and the opening and closing speed of duck bill as test factors, and the soil disturbance amount, soil return flow, and the regularity of the cavity size as evaluation indexes, a three-factor and three-level orthogonal combination experiment was designed. A regression mathematical model of the evaluation indexes was established by using Design-Expert software. The response surface of the test results was compared, and the significance of the three factors on the evaluation index was compared. According to the multi-objective parameter optimization of the regression model, when the number of duck bill leaves was4, the opening and closing angle of duckbill was 22 °, and the opening and closing speed of duckbill was 70 r/min, the regularity of soil disturbance amount, soil return flow rate and hole size were 0.559, 0.788 and 7.136, respectively, the soil cavitation effect was the best at this time. According to the optimal test results, the design parameters of the key components were optimized and determined, and the field planting experiment was carried out. The results showed that the average error of evaluation index between planting operation test and coupling simulation test was 2.2%, 2.3% and1.8%, respectively, which met the requirement of error between simulation test and actual test. At the same time, the dew rate and orthostatic qualification rate after planting operation were evaluated, the dew rate was 3.6%, and the orthostatic qualification rate was 96.7%, which met the requirements of the machinery industry standard JB/T 10291—2013《Dryland Planting Machinery》 with the dew rate not higher than 5% and orthostatic degree not less than 93%. The correctness of the design and theoretical analysis of the multi-leaf duckbill planting mechanism was verified.

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金永旺,胡建平,呂俊鵬,姚夢嬌,劉偉,曾添懿.蔬菜自動移栽機多葉片式鴨嘴栽植機構(gòu)設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2024,55(s1):217-229. JIN Yongwang, HU Jianping, Lü Junpeng, YAO Mengjiao, LIU Wei, ZENG Tianyi. Design and Experiment of Multi-blade Duck Bill Planting Mechanism for Automatic Vegetable Transpl anter[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(s1):217-229.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-12-10
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