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基于氣固耦合的脈沖集束式番茄授粉方法研究
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(32372010)和新長城科技小院助力計劃項目


Pulse Cluster Tomato Pollination Method Based on Gas-Solid Coupling
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    摘要:

    溫室空間密閉,,需要輔助授粉才能保證番茄的坐果率與產(chǎn)量。物理輔助授粉方法綠色健康,,坐果率高,,是主要發(fā)展的授粉手段。針對現(xiàn)有物理輔助授粉方法存在的易造成莖稈損傷,、作用范圍大,、振動效果差等問題,提出了一種脈沖集束式番茄授粉方法,,并搭建相應(yīng)授粉裝置,。通過 CFD 仿真得到單、雙出口數(shù)下噴嘴流場的速度分布,,以射程,、流體噴射角為 評價指標(biāo),確定選取出口個數(shù)為2,、單孔直徑為1 mm的噴嘴方案,。通過觀察番茄花的開花期形態(tài),并分析其在脈沖氣流作 用下的擺動規(guī)律,,基于氣-固兩相流數(shù)學(xué)模型,,建立 CFD-DEM 耦合仿真模型模擬番茄花授粉過程。以氣吹角度,、氣吹頻率,、氣吹距離為試驗因素,以有效粘附量為評價指標(biāo)進行三因素三水平正交仿真試驗,。仿真結(jié)果表明,,各因素對花粉有效粘附量的影響由大至小依次為氣吹距離、氣吹頻率和氣吹角度,, 當(dāng)氣吹距離為182 mm,、氣吹頻率為24 Hz、氣吹角度為76° 時,花粉有效粘附量最大,。同時,,對仿真結(jié)果進行分析,得到在脈沖集束方法作用下番茄花的授粉過程,。使用最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合在溫室中進行試驗,,仿真與試驗結(jié)果相比,柱頭花粉覆蓋率最大誤差為5.54%,、平均誤差為1.93%,。授粉結(jié)束42 d后統(tǒng)計番茄果實情況,得到采用脈沖集束式授粉方法的番茄坐果率為 82.81%,,單果質(zhì)量為229.60 g,,畸果率為 8.27%,效 果優(yōu)于其他輔助授粉方法,。結(jié)果表明,,所建立的耦合仿真模型準(zhǔn)確可靠,為脈沖集束授粉方法在智能裝備中的應(yīng)用提供了理論依據(jù),。同時驗證采用此授粉方法可以提高番茄的坐果率與產(chǎn)量,,滿足溫室番茄授粉的農(nóng)藝要求。

    Abstract:

    The greenhouse space is closed, and auxiliary pollination is needed to ensure the fruit setting rate and yield of tomatoes. Physical assisted pollination methods are green and healthy, with high fruit setting rate, and are the main pollination methods developed. Aiming at the problems of the existing physical assisted pollination methods, such as easy stem damage, large range of action and poor vibration effect, a pulse cluster pollination method was proposed and the corresponding pollination device was built. Through CFD simulation, the velocity distribution of nozzle flow field with single and double outlet number was obtained. With the range and fluid injection angle as evaluation indexes, the nozzle scheme with two outlet number and1 mm diameter of single hole was determined. Based on the gas-solid two-phase flow model, a CFD-DEM coupled simulation model was established to simulate the pollination process of tomato by observing the flowering morphology of tomato flower and analyzing its oscillation rule under the action of pulsed air flow. The orthogonal simulation of three factors and three levels was carried out with air blowing angle, air blowing frequency and air blowing distance as test factors and effective adhesion as evaluation index. The simulation results showed that the effect of various factors on the effective adhesion of pollen was in the order of blowing distance, blowing frequency and blowing angle. When the blowing distance was 182 mm, the blowing frequency was 24 Hz and the blowing angle was 76 °, the effective adhesion of pollen was the highest. At the same time, the simulation results were analyzed, and the pollination process of tomato flower under the action of pulse cluster method was obtained. The optimal parameter combination was used to test in a greenhouse. Compared with the test results, the maximum error of stigma pollen coverage was 5.54% and the average error was1.93%. Six weeks after pollination, the results of tomato fruit statistics showed that the fruit setting rate, single fruit weight and abnormal fruit rate were 82.81%, 229.60 g and 8.27%, which were better than that of other auxiliary pollination methods. The results showed that the coupling simulation model established was accurate and reliable, and it can provide a theoretical basis for the application of pulse cluster pollination method in intelligent devices. At the same time, it was verified that the pollination method can improve the fruit setting rate and yield of tomato, and meet the agronomic requirements of tomato pollination in greenhouse.

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吳嘉鑫,張學(xué)敏,徐靜,曾斌亮,李志遠(yuǎn),王雅娟.基于氣固耦合的脈沖集束式番茄授粉方法研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2024,55(s1):306-316. WU Jiaxin, ZHANG Xuemin, XU Jing, ZENG Binliang, LI Zhiyuan, WANG Yajuan. Pulse Cluster Tomato Pollination Method Based on Gas-Solid Coupling[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(s1):306-316.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-12-10
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