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Aiming at the problems of high digging resistance and high energy consumption of the digging shovel during the harvesting operation of Panax notoginseng, a high-efficiency drag reducing bionic digging shovel was designed with the toe of the front foot of pangolin as the bionic prototype. Taking Panax notoginseng rhizome and planting soil as research object, the intrinsic physical parameters were calculated, and the bonding key parameters were set to establish the discrete element model of Panax notoginseng rhizome. The root soil bonding mechanism was analyzed, and the discrete element composite model of Panax notoginseng rhizome planting soil was established by Hertz Mindlin with JKR. The point cloud model of pangolin′s claw toe was obtained by three-dimensional scanning, and the threedimensional model of the bionic excavator shovel was established by using Solidworks. The shape and structure of the bionic excavator shovel were designed according to the three-dimensional model of the claw toe. The mechanical analysis of the shovel tip and handle was carried out to determine the design parameters that affected the operation quality. Based on EDEM discrete element method, the component soil crop multiple simulation model was established, and the simulation experiments were carried out with soil particle velocity vector, soil disturbance rate and excavation resistance as evaluation indexes，and the influence laws of different indexes were obtained. The operation performance of the bionic excavator was verified by bench test. The average digging resistance of the bionic excavator and the plane excavator were 1 171.69 N and 1 442.36 N, respectively, and the average drag reduction rate was 18.81%. The bench test results were basically consistent with the simulation test results. The test results showed that the bionic excavator had good characteristics of reducing resistance and consumption, and the bionic structure design was reasonable, which can meet the harvesting and excavation of Panax notoginseng under the condition of acid laterite.