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玉米大壟雙行氣力集排式追肥裝置設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2024YFD1500400)


Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Centralized Fertilizer Application Device for Maize Large Ridge Double Row Planting
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    摘要:

    針對玉米大壟雙行種植模式下追肥作業(yè)效率低和排肥均勻性較差等問題,依據(jù)該種植模式下的追肥作業(yè)特點,,設(shè)計一種適用于該種植模式的螺旋輸送器排肥,、多行集排、氣流輸肥的追肥裝置,,并對螺旋輸送器式排肥裝置和氣力輸送裝置關(guān)鍵參數(shù)進行了理論計算和優(yōu)化設(shè)計,。依據(jù)排肥流量需求設(shè)計螺旋輸送器葉片結(jié)構(gòu),并確定螺旋輸送器驅(qū)動電機功率,;確定氣-肥輸送主管道和氣-肥輸送分配管道結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸,;采用三通管將氣-肥輸送分配管道合并方式,使雙苗帶中間施肥量多于兩側(cè),。對該裝置進行排肥試驗,,結(jié)果表明:螺旋輸送器式排肥裝置排肥穩(wěn)定,,排肥量與轉(zhuǎn)速具有較好的線性相關(guān)性,;設(shè)計二因素三水平排肥試驗探究風(fēng)速和排肥轉(zhuǎn)速對肥料分配均勻性的影響,,排肥轉(zhuǎn)速、風(fēng)速以及排肥轉(zhuǎn)速與風(fēng)速的交互作用均對各行排肥量一致性變異系數(shù)影響顯著,,各行排肥量一致性變異系數(shù)隨著轉(zhuǎn)速和風(fēng)速的增大而增大,;氣-肥輸送分配管道合并后,各行排肥量一致性變異系數(shù)略有增加,,未合并出肥口各行排肥量一致性變異系數(shù)為6.5%~7.1%,,合并出肥口各行排肥量一致性變異系數(shù)為3.8%~5.8%,合并出肥口排肥量為未合并出肥口排肥量的1.7倍左右,,排肥性能達到設(shè)計目標(biāo),,滿足玉米追肥機械作業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。

    Abstract:

    Aiming to address the issues of moisture absorption, low efficiency in topdressing operations, and poor uniformity in fertilizer distribution in the fertilizer top-dressing process for the large ridge double row planting mode of maize, a spiral conveyor fertilization device, multi row collection and airflow fertilization device suitable for this planting mode was designed based on the characteristics of fertilization operation. Theoretical calculations were conducted for the parameters of the spiral conveyor fertilizer discharging device and pneumatic conveying structure. The blade structure of the spiral conveyor was designed and the power of the spiral conveyor drive motor was determined according to the required fertilizer discharge rate. The structural dimensions of the main pneumatic fertilizer conveying pipeline and the pneumatic fertilizer distribution pipelines were determined. By merging the pneumatic fertilizer distribution pipelines using tee pipes, the fertilizer application rate in the middle of the double seedling rows was increased compared to the sides. Fertilizer discharging tests were conducted on this device, and the results showed that the spiral conveyor fertilizer discharging device provided stable fertilizer discharge, with the discharge rate linearly related to the rotational speed. A two-factor, three-level experiment was designed to investigate the effects of wind speed and fertilizer discharge rotational speed on fertilizer distribution uniformity. The rotational speed of fertilizer discharge, wind speed, and their interaction all had extremely significant effects on the coefficient of variation for uniformity in fertilizer discharge among rows. This coefficient was increased as both the rotational speed and wind speed increased. After merging the pneumatic fertilizer conveying pipes, the coefficient of variation for uniformity in fertilizer discharge among rows was slightly increased. The coefficient of variation for uniformity among rows without merged outlets ranged from 6.5% to 7.1%, while the coefficient with merged outlets ranged from 3.8% to 5.8%. The fertilizer discharge rate with merged outlets was approximately 1.7 times of that of the discharge rate without merged outlets. The fertilizer discharging performance met the design objectives and could effectively satisfy the mechanical operation standards for maize top-dressing.

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徐征鑫,李貴蓉,王超,盧彩云,曾偉,王慶杰.玉米大壟雙行氣力集排式追肥裝置設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2025,56(4):52-60. XU Zhengxin, LI Guirong, WANG Chao, LU Caiyun, ZENG Wei, WANG Qingjie. Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Centralized Fertilizer Application Device for Maize Large Ridge Double Row Planting[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(4):52-60.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-04-10
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