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對行挖掘式玉米根茬清土機設(shè)計與試驗
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山東省自然科學基金項目(ZR2022QE150),、山東省科技型中小企業(yè)創(chuàng)新能力提升工程項目(2024TSGC0271)和國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2021YFD2000401-2)


Design and Test of Soil Cleaning Machine for Corn Stubble with Row-digging
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    摘要:

    針對玉米根茬與土壤形成的根土復合體影響保護性耕作條件下免耕播種的問題,,提出了一種“對行挖掘-擠壓破碎-振動清土”的玉米根茬處理模式,設(shè)計了一種對行挖掘式玉米根茬清土機,,主要由雙圓盤挖掘鏟,、撥茬機構(gòu)、凹板-滾筒式根土分離機構(gòu),、抖動式桿條輸送機構(gòu)等組成,,可一次性完成玉米根土復合體挖掘、撿拾,、根土分離等作業(yè),。對其關(guān)鍵部件結(jié)構(gòu)進行了設(shè)計與運動分析,分析了雙圓盤挖掘鏟受力和運動,,確定了其主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和作業(yè)參數(shù),;分析了根土復合體在根土分離各階段輸送狀態(tài)及受力狀況,確定了撥茬機構(gòu),、凹板-滾筒式根土分離機構(gòu),、抖動式桿條輸送機構(gòu)主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和運動參數(shù),保證了根土復合體能逐步實現(xiàn)根土分離,。雙圓盤挖掘鏟田間試驗結(jié)果表明,,玉米根土復合體挖凈率可達100%。整機土槽試驗結(jié)果表明,,根土分離率為97.4%,,分離效果較好,,所設(shè)計的對行挖掘式玉米根茬清土機具備有效的根茬挖掘及根土分離能力。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problem of notill seeding under conservation tillage conditions affected by the root-soil complex formed by corn stubble and soil, a corn stubble treatment mode of “row digging-extrusion crushing-vibration soil removal” was proposed, and a soil cleaning machine for corn stubble with row-digging was designed. It mainly consisted of double disc digging shovels, stubble conveying mechanism, concave plate-roller type root soil separation mechanism, shake type rod conveyor mechanism, etc. It can complete the digging, picking, root and soil separation of corn root-soil complex in one go. The structural design and kinematic analysis of its key components were conducted. The force and motion of the double disc digging shovel were analyzed, leading to the determination of its main structural and working parameters. The transportation and force conditions of the root-soil complex in each stage of root soil separation were analyzed, leading to the determination of main structural parameters and motion parameters of the stubble conveying mechanism, concave plate-roller type root soil separation mechanism and shake type rod conveyor mechanism. This ensured that the root-soil complex can gradually achieve the goal of root and soil separation. The field test results of the double disc digging shovel showed that the digging rate of the corn root-soil complex can reach 100%. The soil bin test results of the whole machine showed that the root and soil separation rate was 97.4%, and the root and soil separation rate was relatively high. The designed corn stubble digging and soil cleaning machine had effective stubble digging and root and soil separation capabilities.

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周華,車海龍,李衍軍,耿端陽,張銀平,李寧.對行挖掘式玉米根茬清土機設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2025,56(4):107-117,,128. ZHOU Hua, CHE Hailong, LI Yanjun, GENG Duanyang, ZHANG Yinping, LI Ning. Design and Test of Soil Cleaning Machine for Corn Stubble with Row-digging[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(4):107-117,,128.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-26
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-04-10
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