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對(duì)行挖掘式玉米根茬清土機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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山東省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(ZR2022QE150)、山東省科技型中小企業(yè)創(chuàng)新能力提升工程項(xiàng)目(2024TSGC0271)和國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2021YFD2000401-2)


Design and Test of Soil Cleaning Machine for Corn Stubble with Row-digging
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)玉米根茬與土壤形成的根土復(fù)合體影響保護(hù)性耕作條件下免耕播種的問(wèn)題,,提出了一種“對(duì)行挖掘-擠壓破碎-振動(dòng)清土”的玉米根茬處理模式,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種對(duì)行挖掘式玉米根茬清土機(jī),主要由雙圓盤挖掘鏟,、撥茬機(jī)構(gòu),、凹板-滾筒式根土分離機(jī)構(gòu)、抖動(dòng)式桿條輸送機(jī)構(gòu)等組成,,可一次性完成玉米根土復(fù)合體挖掘,、撿拾、根土分離等作業(yè),。對(duì)其關(guān)鍵部件結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)與運(yùn)動(dòng)分析,,分析了雙圓盤挖掘鏟受力和運(yùn)動(dòng),確定了其主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和作業(yè)參數(shù),;分析了根土復(fù)合體在根土分離各階段輸送狀態(tài)及受力狀況,,確定了撥茬機(jī)構(gòu)、凹板-滾筒式根土分離機(jī)構(gòu),、抖動(dòng)式桿條輸送機(jī)構(gòu)主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù),,保證了根土復(fù)合體能逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)根土分離。雙圓盤挖掘鏟田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,玉米根土復(fù)合體挖凈率可達(dá)100%,。整機(jī)土槽試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,根土分離率為97.4%,分離效果較好,,所設(shè)計(jì)的對(duì)行挖掘式玉米根茬清土機(jī)具備有效的根茬挖掘及根土分離能力,。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problem of notill seeding under conservation tillage conditions affected by the root-soil complex formed by corn stubble and soil, a corn stubble treatment mode of “row digging-extrusion crushing-vibration soil removal” was proposed, and a soil cleaning machine for corn stubble with row-digging was designed. It mainly consisted of double disc digging shovels, stubble conveying mechanism, concave plate-roller type root soil separation mechanism, shake type rod conveyor mechanism, etc. It can complete the digging, picking, root and soil separation of corn root-soil complex in one go. The structural design and kinematic analysis of its key components were conducted. The force and motion of the double disc digging shovel were analyzed, leading to the determination of its main structural and working parameters. The transportation and force conditions of the root-soil complex in each stage of root soil separation were analyzed, leading to the determination of main structural parameters and motion parameters of the stubble conveying mechanism, concave plate-roller type root soil separation mechanism and shake type rod conveyor mechanism. This ensured that the root-soil complex can gradually achieve the goal of root and soil separation. The field test results of the double disc digging shovel showed that the digging rate of the corn root-soil complex can reach 100%. The soil bin test results of the whole machine showed that the root and soil separation rate was 97.4%, and the root and soil separation rate was relatively high. The designed corn stubble digging and soil cleaning machine had effective stubble digging and root and soil separation capabilities.

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周華,車海龍,李衍軍,耿端陽(yáng),張銀平,李寧.對(duì)行挖掘式玉米根茬清土機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2025,56(4):107-117,128. ZHOU Hua, CHE Hailong, LI Yanjun, GENG Duanyang, ZHANG Yinping, LI Ning. Design and Test of Soil Cleaning Machine for Corn Stubble with Row-digging[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(4):107-117,,128.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-26
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-04-10
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