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基于最優(yōu)動態(tài)滑切的被動式鋸齒圓盤防堵裝置設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2023YFD1500401)和興安盟科技計劃項目(202406)


Design and Experiment of Anti-blocking Device Passive Sawtooth Disc Based on Optimal Dynamic Sliding Cutting
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    摘要:

    針對東北地區(qū)玉米免耕播種時被動式防堵裝置難以兼顧切斷效果與作業(yè)載荷的問題,,基于動態(tài)滑切原理設(shè)計了一種被動式鋸齒圓盤防堵裝置,,在充分應(yīng)用滑切減阻效應(yīng)的同時可有效提高秸稈切斷效果,。根據(jù)鋸齒圓盤動態(tài)滑切特性構(gòu)建了動態(tài)滑切轉(zhuǎn)換模型,,開展了支撐切割下玉米秸稈鋸齒滑切特性試驗,得到了鋸齒結(jié)構(gòu)下最優(yōu)動態(tài)滑切角為15°~30°,,針對在鋸齒結(jié)構(gòu)下所產(chǎn)生的兩種特殊切割過程及力學曲線,,假設(shè)鋸齒前角對于接觸切割過程產(chǎn)生影響,在此基礎(chǔ)上對圓盤鋸齒結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進行設(shè)計,,結(jié)合土槽試驗及離散元仿真試驗對假設(shè)進行了驗證,。開展二次回歸旋轉(zhuǎn)正交試驗,得到鋸齒結(jié)構(gòu)最優(yōu)作業(yè)參數(shù)為:前進速度2.0m/s,、鋸齒前角21.3°,、齒高6.0mm。根據(jù)仿真結(jié)果完成圓盤加工并開展田間試驗,,試驗結(jié)果表明:當秸稈覆蓋量為1.97kg/m2,、作業(yè)速度2.0m/s時,,鋸齒圓盤秸稈切斷率為76.2%,峰值下壓力為875.7N,,平均下壓力為544.1N,,通過對平面圓盤進行鋸齒結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計,切斷率提高34.7個百分點,,峰值下壓力和平均下壓力降低5.7%,、7.9%。圓盤作業(yè)性能良好,,滿足東北地區(qū)免耕播種要求,。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the problem that it is difficult for the passive anti-blocking device to take into account the cutting effect and the operation power consumption during no-tillage sowing of corn in Northeast China, a passive disc antiblocking device was designed based on the principle of dynamic sliding cutting characteristics of the sawtooth disc, which could effectively improve the straw cutting effect while fully applying the sliding cutting effect. According to the dynamic sliding cutting characteristics of the sawtooth disc, a dynamic sliding cutting and structure conversion model was constructed, and the sliding cutting characteristics of the sawtooth of corn straw under support cutting were carried out. The conclusion that the optimal dynamic sliding cutting angle under the sawtooth structure was 15°~30°, and the hypothesis of the influence of the sawtooth rake angle on the two types of cutting process was put forward for the two special cutting processes and load curves generated under the sawtooth structure, and it was verified by combining the soil groove test and the discrete element simulation experiments. The quadratic regression rotational orthogonal experiment was carried out to determine the optimal operating parameters of the sawtooth: the forward speed was 2.0m/s, the sawtooth rake angle was 21.3°, and the tooth height was 6.0mm. According to the simulation results, the disc processing was completed and the field experiment was carried out. The results showed that when the straw covering amount was 1.97kg/m2, the sawtooth disc straw cutting rate was 76.2%, the vertical peak downforce was 875.7N, and the average downforce was 544.1N, the sawtooth structure design of the planar disc was increased by 34.7 percentage points, and the peak downforce and average downforce were reduced by 5.7% and 7.9%. The disc operation performance was ideal, and it met the no-tillage sowing requirements in Northeast China, and can provide a theoretical reference for the research of cut-off anti-blocking device for no-tillage seeder.

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畢津碩,盧彩云,李洪文,翟成堃.基于最優(yōu)動態(tài)滑切的被動式鋸齒圓盤防堵裝置設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2025,56(4):118-128. BI Jinshuo, LU Caiyun, LI Hongwen, ZHAI Chengkun. Design and Experiment of Anti-blocking Device Passive Sawtooth Disc Based on Optimal Dynamic Sliding Cutting[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(4):118-128.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-09
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-04-10
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