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大型凈作精播機(jī)配套折疊式種床整備裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2021YFD2000401)


Design and Experiment of Front-folding Straw Clearing and Blocking Device for Wide Conventional Planters
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    摘要:

    針對大型凈作精播機(jī)在原茬地上無法正常作業(yè)的問題,,本文設(shè)計(jì)一種寬幅折疊式前置側(cè)向種床整備裝置,與現(xiàn)有大型凈作精播機(jī)組成一套聯(lián)合作業(yè)機(jī)組,,在任何狀態(tài)原茬地上,,無需處理,一次進(jìn)地可完成種床整備,、施肥,、播種、覆土鎮(zhèn)壓等全部播種作業(yè)環(huán)節(jié),。通過理論分析確定清秸單體結(jié)構(gòu),、清秸刀齒排布方式和折疊機(jī)構(gòu)關(guān)鍵參數(shù)范圍,其中液壓缸行程為500mm,,通過仿真確定折疊與展開過程中折疊機(jī)構(gòu)角速度,、線速度變化均符合設(shè)計(jì)要求,牙嵌離合器碰撞沖擊力隨著主動(dòng)牙嵌盤線速度呈非線性增長,,當(dāng)主動(dòng)牙嵌盤軌跡線速度為150mm/s,、折疊角速度為0.314rad/s時(shí),碰撞沖擊力為417N,,液壓系統(tǒng)各執(zhí)行元件同步性能,、轉(zhuǎn)速和扭矩均滿足作業(yè)技術(shù)要求。應(yīng)用三因素三水平正交試驗(yàn)方法,,以作業(yè)速度,、刀軸轉(zhuǎn)速和刀齒入土深度為試驗(yàn)因素,以清秸率、清秸行間一致性系數(shù),、當(dāng)量功耗,、覆秸均勻度為評價(jià)指標(biāo),實(shí)施田間參數(shù)優(yōu)化組合試驗(yàn),。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,當(dāng)作業(yè)速度為7.2km/h、刀軸轉(zhuǎn)速為600r/min,、入土深度為40mm時(shí),,種床整備裝置清秸率為90.02%、覆秸均勻度為91.11%,、當(dāng)量功耗為6.08kW和清秸行間一致性系數(shù)為91.26%,。研究結(jié)果為提高大型凈作精播機(jī)利用率,增加大型機(jī)具道路運(yùn)輸便捷性,,減少機(jī)器多次進(jìn)地對土壤產(chǎn)生壓實(shí)破壞,,降低生產(chǎn)成本提供技術(shù)支持。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the problems of poor operation quality and low working efficiency of passive no-tillage seeding machine in four provinces of Northeast China under the condition of heavy straw mulching, and some large-scale netcrop precision seeding machines can not work on the original stubble ground, the design of a kind of widewidth folding front lateral clearing and anti-clogging device was optimized, which can compose with the existing conventional seeding machine to form a joint operation machine, which can complete all the seeding operations such as seed bed preparation, fertilizer application, seeding, mulching and compression in any state of stubble land without any treatment. Through theoretical analysis to determine the key parameters of the folding mechanism range, in which the hydraulic cylinder stroke was 500mm, through simulation analysis to determine the folding and unfolding process of the folding mechanism of the angular velocity, linear speed changes were in line with the design requirements, the tooth-embedded clutch collision impact force with the active tooth-embedded disk linear speed was nonlinear growth, in the active tooth-embedded disk trajectory linear speed of 150mm/s, folding angular speed of 18(°)/s, and the impact force was 417.N. The synchronization performance, rotational speed and torque of each actuating element of the hydraulic system met the operational technical requirements. Applying the three-factor three-level orthogonal test method, taking the operating speed, knife shaft rotation speed and knife teeth depth into the soil as the test factors, and taking the rate of clearing straw, consistency between rows of clearing straw, equivalent power consumption, and coverage uniformity as the evaluation indexes, the optimization combination test of field parameters was implemented. Under the conditions of 7.2km/h, 600r/min, and 40mm of soil penetration depth, the straw clearing and blocking device could realize the straw clearing rate of 90.02%, straw uniformity of 91.11%, equivalent power consumption of 6.08kW, and consistency of straw clearing between rows of 91.26%. The results can provide technical support for improving the utilization rate of large net-crop precision planters, increasing the convenience of road transportation of large machines, reducing the compaction damage to the soil caused by the machine entering the ground several times, and reducing the production cost.

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王星,張穎,付闖,陳海濤.大型凈作精播機(jī)配套折疊式種床整備裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2025,56(4):174-185,,240. WANG Xing, ZHANG Ying, FU Chuang, CHEN Haitao. Design and Experiment of Front-folding Straw Clearing and Blocking Device for Wide Conventional Planters[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(4):174-185,,240.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-07
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-04-10
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