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玉豆帶狀復合種植免耕精量播種覆秸一體機設計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2021YFD2000401)和財政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術體系項目(CARS-04)


Design and Experiment of Integrated Machine for No-till Precision Seeding and Straw Mulching for Corn and Soybean Strip Compound Planting
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    摘要:

    針對玉豆帶狀復合種植機械化播種過程中田間秸稈量大,、代用機具播種質(zhì)量差、作業(yè)效率低等問題,,設計一種在收獲后原茬地條件下一次進地可同步完成“清秸防堵種床整理-玉米大豆精播施肥-秸稈均勻覆蓋”一體機,。按照玉豆帶狀復合種植農(nóng)藝要求,,設計了一體機結構;采用正交試驗與離散元仿真相結合方法,,對清秸覆秸裝置結構進行了仿真分析和參數(shù)組合優(yōu)化,,當作業(yè)速度為9.9km/h、刀軸轉(zhuǎn)速為625r/min,、清秸總成螺旋線頭數(shù)為3、殘茬拋撒控制板傾角為90°時,,清秸率為91.03%,、覆秸勻度為87.05%,當量功耗為9.79kW,;在機收經(jīng)粉碎秸稈殘留量1.48kg/m2的玉米原茬地實施整機田間性能試驗,,結果表明:當作業(yè)速度為7.2km/h(保證試驗樣機排種器正常工作)、大豆粒距為8cm,、玉米粒距為10cm,、刀齒入土深度為50mm時,機具通過性良好,,大豆,、玉米粒距合格指數(shù)分別為79.50%、88.66%,,重播指數(shù)分別為4.03%,、3.66%,漏播指數(shù)分別為16.48%,、7.68%,,變異系數(shù)分別為28.49%、21.31%,,大豆,、玉米播深合格率為90%,施肥深度合格率為80%,,種肥水平間距合格率為80%,,覆秸勻度為88.97%,播后田間無晾籽現(xiàn)象,。

    Abstract:

    For corn and soybean strip compound planting mechanized sowing process in the field of large amount of straw, substitute equipment sowing quality was poor, low operating efficiency and other issues, the design of a post-harvest stubble land conditions at a time into the ground can be synchronized to complete the “clearing of straw anticlogging seed bed finishing-corn and soybean sowing fertilizer-straw uniform cover” integrated machine. In accordance with the agronomic requirements of corn and soybean strip compound planting, the structure of the integrated machine was designed, and its working principle and corresponding technical parameters were given; according to the agronomic characteristics of corn and soybean strip compound planting, the lateral spacing of the straw clearing assembly in the straw clearing and mulching device was determined through theoretical calculations; by combining orthogonal experiment and discrete element simulation, simulation analysis and parameter combination optimization were carried out on the structure of straw clearing and mulching device, when the operating speed was 9.9km/h, the rotational speed of cutter shaft was 625r/min, the number of helix heads of the straw clearing assembly was 3, and the inclination angle of stubble spreading control plate was 90°, the straw clearing rate was 91.03%, the mulching uniformity was 87.05%, and the equivalent power consumption was 9.79kW; adopting the single-factor experiment method, the whole machine field performance experiment was implemented in the corn stubble land with 1.48kg/m2 residue of crushed straw after machine harvesting, and the results showed that when the operation speed was 7.2km/h (to ensure the normal work of the seed dispenser of the experimental prototype), the grain spacing of soybean was 8cm, the grain spacing of corn was 10cm, the depth of the knife teeth in the soil was 50mm, the machine passed well, the qualified index of grain spacing of soybean and corn were 79.50% and 88.66%, the index of reseeding were 4.03% and 3.66%, the index of leakage of seeding were 16.48% and 7.68%, and the coefficient of variation were 28.49% and 21.31%, respectively, and the qualified rate of sowing depth of soybean and corn were 90%, the qualified rate of fertilizer depth were 80%, and the qualified rate of horizontal spacing of seed and fertilizer were 80%, the uniformity of straw covering was 88.97%, and there was no seed drying phenomenon in the field after sowing. The research results laid the foundation for the development of the integrated machine for precision sowing of corn and soybean strip compound planting and the popularization and application of technology of corn and soybean strip compound planting.

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陳海濤,高偉,王星,張穎,侯守印,紀文義.玉豆帶狀復合種植免耕精量播種覆秸一體機設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2025,56(4):202-212,,223. CHEN Haitao, GAO Wei, WANG Xing, ZHANG Ying, HOU Shouyin, JI Wenyi. Design and Experiment of Integrated Machine for No-till Precision Seeding and Straw Mulching for Corn and Soybean Strip Compound Planting[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(4):202-212,223.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-11
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-04-10
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