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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2023YFD2001001)、國家農(nóng)業(yè)核心技術(shù)攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目(NK2022160302),、中國博士后科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(2023M740866),、江蘇省農(nóng)機(jī)新裝備新技術(shù)研發(fā)與推廣項(xiàng)目(NJ2024-01 )、江蘇省現(xiàn)代農(nóng)機(jī)裝備與技術(shù)推廣項(xiàng)目(NJ2024-20)和江蘇省工業(yè)和信息產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級專項(xiàng)資金項(xiàng)目(油菜(蔬菜)缽毯苗智能聯(lián)合移栽機(jī)工程化攻關(guān))


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    摘要:

    為探究油菜毯狀苗移栽機(jī)非圓齒輪行星系栽植機(jī)構(gòu)因前進(jìn)速度提升,,導(dǎo)致倒伏率升高的根本原因,,對栽植機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)移苗、推苗到苗塊落地的運(yùn)動(dòng)過程進(jìn)行了分析,,建立了栽植過程動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,,推導(dǎo)了苗塊與秧針、推苗部件,、土壤作用的運(yùn)動(dòng)受力方程和立苗平衡方程,;分析了橢圓齒輪行星輪系栽植機(jī)構(gòu)軌跡參數(shù)對苗塊落地角度、角速度和立苗的影響,;基于Matlab GUI編寫了毯苗運(yùn)動(dòng)過程輔助分析軟件,,優(yōu)化出一組能夠滿足油菜毯狀苗栽植工作要求的軌跡參數(shù)(橢圓齒輪偏心率為1.5、齒輪模數(shù)為2.3mm,、齒數(shù)為19,、行星架初始安裝角為38°、栽植臂與行星架初始相位角為42°,、行星輪中心到秧針尖長度為142mm),;進(jìn)行了栽植軌跡驗(yàn)證和對比臺架試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明:在苗齡35d,、苗高80mm油菜毯狀苗,、栽植頻率220穴/min作業(yè)條件下,隨著前進(jìn)速度增加,,倒伏率增加,、栽植合格率降低;在小于該試驗(yàn)條件下理論計(jì)算的立苗臨界前進(jìn)速度670mm/s時(shí),,當(dāng)前進(jìn)速度為600mm/s時(shí),,栽植機(jī)構(gòu)倒伏率為9.67%(較優(yōu)化前降低68.81%),栽植合格率為88.67%(較優(yōu)化前提高31.69%),,苗塊落地姿態(tài)好,,滿足油菜毯狀苗的移栽要求,驗(yàn)證了理論模型正確性和軌跡參數(shù)優(yōu)化合理性,。該研究可為油菜毯狀苗移栽立苗機(jī)理分析和栽植機(jī)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)提供參考,。

    Abstract:

    In order to investigate the primary reason of increased lodging rate due to increased operating speed of planting mechanism of rapeseed blanket seedling transplanter, the motion process of seedling transfer, seedling pushing and seedling block contacting the soil was analyzed, and the kinematics model was established. The equations of motion and force of the rapeseed blanket seedling block during the planting process and the equilibrium equations of the seedling standing were derived. The design parameters of the planting trajectory on the landing angle of seedling block, the landed angular velocity of seedling block and seedling standing situation were analyzed. Based on Matlab GUI, a blanket seedling motion process auxiliary analysis software was written to optimize a set of institutional parameters that could satisfy the requirements of rapeseed blanket seedling planting, mainly including the eccentricity of elliptical gear of 1.5, the gear module of 2.3mm, the tooth number of 19, the initial installation angle of planet carrier of 38°, the initial phase angle between the planting arm and the planet carrier of 42°, the length from the center of the planetary gear to the seedling needle tip of 142mm. Trajectory verification and bench testing were carried out. The results showed that when transplanting rapeseed blanket seedlings with seedling age of 35d and seedling height of 80mm, and setting the planting frequency of 220 holes/min, with the increase of forward speed, the lodging rate was increased and the planting qualification rate was decreased. The blanket seedling lodging rate was increased significantly when the forward speed was increased from 600mm/s to 700mm/s, which was basically consistent with the theoretical calculation of critical forward speed result of 670mm/s for seedlings standing. When the forward speed was 600mm/s, the lodging rate of the planting mechanism was 9.67%, which was 68.81% lower than before the optimization, and the qualified rate was 88.67%, which was 31.69% higher than before the optimization. Under this condition, the seedling blocks fell to the ground with upright posture, which achieved the transplanting requirements of rapeseed blanket seedlings. The correctness of the theoretical model and the reasonableness of the optimization of the trajectory parameters were verified by experiments.

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蔣蘭,吳崇友,湯慶,吳俊,關(guān)卓懷,劉賽賽.[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2025,56(4):241-251. JIANG Lan, WU Chongyou, TANG Qing, WU Jun, GUAN Zhuohuai, LIU Saisai.[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(4):241-251.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-10
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-04-10
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